microRNA profile of extracellular vesicles derived from control vehicle- and LIPUS-induced stem cells from the apical papilla

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is shown to promote osteogenic differentiation and antiinflammation of periodontal mesenchymal stromal cells. We found extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from LIPUS-induced stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) also have stronger anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. To obtain clues on whether microRNA (miR) of EVs contribute to stronger anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects, we analyzed miR expression in EVs from control- and LIPUS-induced SCAPs by deep sequencing. RNA-sequencing suggests that the LIPUS-EVs induce stronger osteogenic differentiation and antiinflammation by using their cargos, including upregulated osteogenic miRNAs to activate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, and upregulated anti-inflammatory miRNAs to inhibit the TNF-a signaling pathways. Overall design: EVs were isolated from control vehicle- and LIPUS-treated SCAPs (90mW/cm2, 0.5 h treatment). Equal number of EVs were subjected to microRNA analysis by deep-sequencing.