Data from: Direct and indirect genetic and fine-scale location effects on breeding date in song sparrows

1. Quantifying direct and indirect genetic effects of interacting females and males on variation in jointly expressed life-history traits is central to predicting micro-evolutionary dynamics. However, accurately estimating sex-specific additive genetic variances in such traits remains difficult in wild populations, especially if related individuals inhabit similar fine-scale environments. 2. Breeding date is a key life-history trait that responds to environmental phenology and mediates individual and population responses to environmental change. However, no studies have estimated female (direct) and male (indirect) additive genetic and inbreeding effects on breeding date, and estimated the cross-sex genetic correlation, while simultaneously accounting for fine-scale environmental effects of breeding locations, impeding prediction of micro-evolutionary dynamics. 3. We fitted animal models to 38 years of song sparrow (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>) phenology and pedigree data to estimate sex-specific additive genetic variances in breeding date, and the cross-sex genetic correlation, thereby estimating total additive genetic variance while simultaneously estimating sex-specific inbreeding depression. We further fitted three forms of spatial animal model to explicitly estimate variance in breeding date attributable to breeding location, overlap among breeding locations, and spatial autocorrelation. We thereby quantified fine-scale location variances in breeding date and quantified the degree to which estimating such variances affected estimated additive genetic variances. 4. The non-spatial animal model estimated non-zero female and male additive genetic variances in breeding date (sex-specific heritabilities: 0.07 and 0.02 respectively) and a strong, positive cross-sex genetic correlation (0.99), creating substantial total additive genetic variance (0.18). Breeding date varied with female but not male inbreeding coefficient, revealing direct, but not indirect, inbreeding depression. All three spatial animal models estimated small location variance in breeding date, but because relatedness and breeding location were virtually uncorrelated, modelling location variance did not alter estimated additive genetic variances. 5. Our results show that sex-specific additive genetic effects on breeding date can be strongly positively correlated, which would affect any predicted rates of micro-evolutionary change in response to sexually-antagonistic or congruent selection. Further, we show that inbreeding effects on breeding date can also be sex-specific, and that genetic effects can exceed phenotypic variation stemming from fine-scale location-based variation within a wild population.1. 量化相互作用的雌雄个体对共同表达的生活史性状变异的直接与间接遗传效应，是预测微观进化动力学的核心任务。然而，在野生种群中准确估算此类性状的性别特异性加性遗传方差仍颇具挑战，尤其当亲缘个体栖息于相似的精细尺度环境中时。 2. 繁殖日期是关键的生活史性状，可响应环境物候变化，并介导个体与种群对环境变化的响应。但目前尚无研究在同时考量繁殖位点的精细尺度环境效应的前提下，估算雌性（直接）与雄性（间接）的加性遗传效应及近交效应，同时估算跨性别遗传相关，这阻碍了微观进化动力学的预测工作。 3. 我们对38年的歌带鹀（Melospiza melodia）物候数据与系谱数据拟合了动物模型（animal model），以估算繁殖日期的性别特异性加性遗传方差及跨性别遗传相关，进而在估算性别特异性近交衰退的同时，得到总加性遗传方差。我们进一步拟合了三种形式的空间动物模型，以明确估算由繁殖位点、繁殖位点间重叠以及空间自相关所导致的繁殖日期方差。借此，我们量化了繁殖日期的精细尺度位点方差，并分析了估算此类方差对加性遗传方差估算结果的影响程度。 4. 非空间动物模型估算得到繁殖日期的雌性与雄性加性遗传方差均非零（性别特异性遗传力分别为0.07与0.02），且存在强正跨性别遗传相关（相关系数为0.99），由此产生了可观的总加性遗传方差（0.18）。繁殖日期随雌性近交系数变化而显著变化，但与雄性近交系数无明显关联，这表明存在直接而非间接的近交衰退。三种空间动物模型均估算得到繁殖日期的位点方差较小，但由于亲缘关系与繁殖位点几乎不存在相关性，因此对位点方差的建模并未改变加性遗传方差的估算结果。 5. 我们的研究结果表明，繁殖日期的性别特异性加性遗传效应可呈现强正相关，这将影响针对性别拮抗或同向选择的微观进化变化预测速率。此外，我们发现繁殖日期的近交效应同样具有性别特异性，且在野生种群中，遗传效应可超过由精细尺度位点变异所带来的表型变异。