The effect of PakD on the movement of cells at the edge of colonies.

Colonies of cells were established on glass chamber slides in HL5 media and, following a one-hour incubation at room temperature, cells at the edge of the colony were filmed. Videos were used to track cell movement, and the tracking data was used to calculate the given values. At least 10 randomly selected cells from each of 3 independent experiments were tracked. A positive forward migration index indicates directed movement away from the colony. “***” indicates p<0.001, and “**” p<0.01 compared to wild type (One-way ANOVA, Tukey's test).