Research advances on migrasomes in diseases

Migrasomes are newly discovered organelles defined as tetraspanin-enriched vesicular structures produced by migrating cells. Although morphologically similar to vesicles, migrasomes are distinct from other extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, in their biogenesis mechanisms and functions, and are ultimately released into the extracellular space. The formation of migrasomes primarily depends on the breakage of retraction fibers during cell migration. These structures are enriched with various signaling molecules, proteins, and RNA, enabling them to play crucial roles in intercellular communication, developmental regulation, and disease processes. Given these critical functions, migrasomes have emerged as a potential novel target for understanding fundamental biological processes and developing clinical therapies. However, despite preliminary progress in understanding their biogenesis and functions, the specific mechanisms of action in the pathogenesis of related diseases, as well as the potential value of migrasomes as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets, still require in-depth exploration and systematic elucidation. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the latest advances in migrasome research within disease contexts, provide a systematic overview of their roles in pathogenesis, and establish a theoretical foundation for their potential application as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.