Floral visitor-plant interactions in flowering patches of olive orchards from Andalusia

[Detailed methodology] We sampled the flower-visitor interactions in paired olive farms located in Andalusia. The surveys were carried out in 24 paired olive farms in 2020. On the one hand, each paired olive farm is constituted by an olive farm with low-intensive herb cover management and an olive farm with intensive herb cover management. The low-intensive management consists of the maintenance of herb cover during most of the year being only removed in late spring by mechanic mowing or cattle. Conversely, intensive management consists of removing the herb cover permanently by using pre-emergence and/ or post-emergence herbicides sometimes in combination with ploughing the ground several times a year. On the other hand, each paired farm in each locality is surrounded by the same landscape complexity. We classified each paired farm into three categories of landscape complexity (simple, intermediate, and complex) according to the proportion of semi-natural area estimated within a 2 km radius buffer around the centroid of each pair of farms. Surveys were conducted in multi-specific floral stands. We selected two 10 m2 multi-floral stands per olive farm located inside the olive orchard matrix. They were carried out monthly from March to June for 2020 (3 sampling rounds in total), matching the peak flowering period of the ground herb cover. Sampling consisted of recording the abundance and diversity of plant-floral visitor interactions in each floral patch for 15 minutes in the morning (until 13 h) and for 15 minutes in the afternoon (until 17 h) every sampling round.