POLLEN AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS AT SITES 35MA7, 35MA9, 35MA12, 35MA63, AND 35MA70 IN THE STATE STREET-NORTH SANTIAM HIGHWAY PROJECT, SALEM, OREGON

Soil samples from Sites 35MA7, 35MA9, 35MA63, 35MA70, and 35MA12 in the State Street-North Santiam Highway project near Salem, Oregon, were sampled for macrofloral remains. Charred botanic specimens also were submitted for identification. Pollen samples were examined from features at Sites 35MA9, 35MA70, and 35MA 12. The five sites in the project area currently are divided by highway interchange loops and ramps; however, these sites are believed to represent a very large site complex used throughout the last 6000 years with superimposed and overlapping activity areas of different ages. Features at these sites consist mainly of rock-lined pit oven features. Radiocarbon dates and obsidian hydration analysis may suggest near-exclusive early use of this area for camas bulb processing, with more recent use as seasonal residence sites where a broader range of activities took place, including plant food processing, lithic tool-making, and hunting. Pollen and macrofloral analyses are used to address questions of subsistence activities involving plant food resources at these sites, including comparison of remains by feature type and time period, as well as looking for patterns of possible seasonality indicators (i.e., are larger ovens more commonly used later in the summer/fall processing camas in quantity for winter storage is increasingly important?). This report contains the results of both the 1996 and 1997 Data Recovery projects.俄勒冈州塞勒姆附近的州街-北桑蒂亚姆高速公路项目区域内的35MA7、35MA9、35MA63、35MA70与35MA12遗址，采集了土壤样本用于大植物遗存（macrofloral remains）分析。碳化植物标本亦被提交进行物种鉴定。研究人员对35MA9、35MA70及35MA12遗址的考古遗迹开展了花粉样本检测。该项目区域内的五处遗址目前被高速公路互通立交的环线与匝道相互分隔，但学界普遍认为它们同属一处跨度近6000年的大型遗址复合体，其内分布着不同时期叠加且彼此重叠的活动区域。这些遗址的考古遗迹以石砌坑式烤炉遗迹为主。放射性碳定年（radiocarbon dates）与黑曜石水合分析（obsidian hydration analysis）结果显示，该区域早期几乎仅用于卡马百合球茎（camas bulb）的加工；后期则作为季节性居留地，开展了涵盖植物食品加工、石器工具制作与狩猎在内的多元活动。本次研究通过花粉与大植物遗存分析，探讨该遗址群中涉及植物食物资源的生计活动问题，包括按遗迹类型与时代对遗存进行对比分析，同时探寻可能的季节性指示模式：例如，体型更大的烤炉是否更常于夏末/秋季被使用，以大量加工卡马百合球茎用于冬季储备，这一问题的重要性日益凸显？本报告收录了1996年与1997年抢救性数据采集项目的全部研究成果。