Phosphorus budgets of intensively managed row crops at a long-term agroecosystem research site in the upper US Midwest

Phosphorus (P) budgets for cropping systems provide insights for keeping soil P at optimal levels for crops while avoiding excess inputs. We quantified 12 years of P inputs (fertilizer and atmospheric deposition) and outputs (harvest and leaching losses) for replicated maize (Zea mays L.)—soybean (Glycine max L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop rotations under conventional, no-till, reduced input, and biologically based (organic without compost or manure) management systems at the Kellogg Biological Station LTAR site in southwest Michigan. Conventional, no-till, and reduced input systems were fertilized between 13 and 50 kg P ha−1 depending on year. Soil test phosphorus (STP) was measured at 0- to 25-cm depth every autumn. Leached P was measured as dissolved P in the soil solution sampled beneath the rooting depth and combined with modeled percolation. Fertilization and harvest were the predominant P fluxes in the fertilized systems, whereas only harvest dominated P flux in the unfertili..., , , # Data from: Phosphorus budgets of intensively managed row crops at a long-term agroecosystem research site in the upper US Midwest

Readme for data table (7 CSV data files), included in: Hussain et al (2025) titled “Phosphorus budgets of intensively managed row crops at a long-term agroecosystem research site in the upper US Midwest” for the publication in the Journal of Environmental Quality, [https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jeq2.70000](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jeq2.70000)

For further inquiries, please contact Mir Zaman Hussain ([[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail]) or [[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail])).

7 CSV data files:

1. nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (1._Nitrogen_and_phosphorus_fertilization_no_terms.csv)
2. grain yield of maize, wheat, and soybean (2._Grain_yield_of_maize__wheat_and_soybean_no_terms.csv)
3. stover yield of wheat (3._stover_yield_of_wheat_no_terms.csv)
4. plant tissue p...,