Mesurer les risques psychosociaux : de la commensuration au compromis

In this article, we look at the measurement of the social and how a quantified representation of psychosocial risks can be accepted in organizations. Based on interviews and documentation from two major international companies, we study the construction of psychosocial risk measures using a benchmark occupational health questionnaire. We show that the measurement of psychosocial risks can be a compromise in the two organizations studied, when it succeeds in evacuating the very situations experienced at work that it sets out to represent. Our results show how this compromise results from a set of practices and discourses by which individuals (1) tinker with and (2) extrapolate the measures produced from the questionnaire, to the point of (3) neantizing psychosocial risks through their representation in these two organizations. In this way, our study hopes to contribute to research into the difficulty of taking social issues into account in accounting, as well as to work dedicated to the commensuration of these risks, whose manifestations are difficult to represent in organizations.

本文围绕社会层面的测量展开探讨，并分析社会心理风险（psychosocial risks）的量化表征如何能为各类组织所接纳。本研究以两家大型跨国企业的访谈资料与文档档案为基础，借助标准化职业健康问卷（benchmark occupational health questionnaire），探究社会心理风险测量工具的构建路径。研究发现，在所调研的两家企业中，若社会心理风险测量工具成功规避了其原本旨在表征的职场真实情境，该测量反而会沦为一种妥协。本研究结果揭示了该妥协的生成逻辑：一系列实践与话语体系使得研究对象（1）对问卷生成的测量工具进行微调，（2）并对其进行推演拓展，最终在这两家企业中通过表征路径（3）消解了社会心理风险本身。综上，本研究旨在为探究在核算体系中纳入社会议题的难点提供学术参考，同时为致力于将此类风险进行通约化（commensuration）的相关研究提供借鉴——此类风险的具象表现在组织中往往难以被精准表征。