Breeding value based on grain weight per plant for soft winter wheat varieties in 2021-2023.

The results of evaluating the breeding value of winter wheat varieties based on grain mass per plant during 2021–2023 are presented. The study encompasses varieties of three ecotypes: forest-steppe, steppe, and Western European. Mean trait values (x̄), variability limits (min–max), and breeding value (Sc) were determined. It was found that the highest mean grain mass per plant was formed by the varieties Fidelius (3.60 g) and Kvitka Poliv (3.58 g). The highest breeding value (Sc) was recorded in Fidelius (3.1) and Zorepad Bilotserkivskyi (2.7), indicating their promise for further breeding work. Steppe ecotype varieties generally produced lower grain mass per plant compared to forest-steppe and Western European genotypes. Breeding value (Sc) was calculated according to V. V. Khangildyn and M. A. Lytvynenko (1981): Sc = X × (Xlim / Xopt), where: Sc – breeding value; X – the mean value of the studied trait; Xlim – the minimum value of the trait; Xopt – the maximum value of the trait.