The plants dataset for "Assessing the role of plant seasonalities on the regional organisation of the Tapajó Society"

The dataset includes a list of 30 plant species used in the study of plant seasonalities in the Lower Amazon region. The dataset was created during 2022-2023 based on a thorough review of the published literature on plant phenologies and Amazonian ethnobotany and ethnography. Google Scholar, Researchgate, Academia and libraries from the Federal University of Pará and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi were consulted.The first sheet compiles plants' presence/absence in the four case study archaeological sites; species are listed by common name, scientific name, absence (1), presence (2) and type of proxy for each species in the case studies. This data was used for plotting Figure 3.The second sheet summarizes general information on the plant species, such as sowing and harvesting seasons, the month when fruits ripen, if they are hyperdominants in the Amazon forests, habitat, food uses based on ethnographic information, nutritional information available for each species, the type of reproduction (i.e. vegetative or seed reproduction), as well as the reproductive cycle in days; finally, reference lists all the literature checked for each species and any important observation. This data-based most of the qualitative analysis in the results sectionThe third sheet compiles the fruiting period in months for each species, following the Gregorian calendar. Fruiting (1) and non-fruiting (2) are attributed for each species throughout the months. This data was used for plotting Figure 4.The fourth sheet summarizes the information on the plant's reproductive cycle in months, following the Gregorian calendar. the information is synthesised as not-cultivated (0), planting (1), and not-planting (2). Not-cultivated corresponds to plants we did not find information on any human activity regarding the reproduction of species; Planting corresponds to the period of germination and seed viability and not-planting to the period of non-available reproductive parts. This data was used for plotting Figure 4.The fifth sheet comprises information on the seasons of sowing and harvesting seasons. This data was used for plotting Figure 5.The sith sheet lists the references consulted to build the dataset.