Utilization of Standing Dead Trees by Breeding Birds at Sagehen Creek, California

DOCTORATE DISSERTATION: The primary objectives of this study were to: a. describe the characteristics of sites used for nesting and feeding by cavity nesting bird species, b. Assess the importance of snags for nesting and feeding, c. Describe the patterns of snag decay and longevity by tree size and species, d. Describe the relationship between snag density and structural characteristics to cavity nesting bird populations, and e. Suggest management considerations for mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada.