Strength assessment and strength training practices in pulmonary rehabilitation services in England

The study used a cross-sectional questionnaire-based online survey design. Eligible participants were healthcare professionals who had a job role either running, managing, or assisting in PR programmes located in England. Specifically, they worked in PR conducting standard face-to-face exercise programmes before the Covid-19 pandemic (i.e., before March 2020). Participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) and were able to read and comprehend English. The exclusion criteria specified anyone who was currently taking part in any conflicting study. The sampling method was purposive, with participants primarily recruited via NHS Trusts and non-NHS organisations (e.g., Community Interest Companies, Integrated Care Organisations, and private healthcare providers) - all of which provided PR services in England. These service providers were identified from National Asthma and COPD Audit Programme audit published in 2020, which named 199 PR services provided by 144 NHS Trusts and non-NHS organisations. Of the 144 providers approached, 55 (38.2%) granted study approval within their PR services. Recruitment also took place through relevant professional networks and contacts. No incentive was offered to participants for completion of the survey, nor was an incentive provided to participating research sites for their involvement. Participant recruitment took place between 25th October 2021 and 6th May 2022. All participants were directed to the survey using an online web link, which was sent within a recruitment email. Before starting the main body of the survey, participants were provided the PIS, and screened to ensure eligibility, using the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. If eligible, informed consent was obtained, ensuring all participants had read and understood the PIS provided and were fully aware of their contributions to this research. After which, participants were able to complete the survey.