Object classification on video data of meteors and meteor-like phenomena: algorithm and data (NightSkyUCP Dataset)

Every moment, countless meteoroids enter our atmosphere unseen. The detection and measurement of meteors offer the unique opportunity to gain insights into the composition of our solar systems' celestial bodies. Researchers, therefore, carry out a wide-area-sky-monitoring to secure 360-degree video material, saving every single entry of a meteor. Existing machine intelligence cannot accurately recognize events of meteors intersecting the earth's atmosphere due to a lack of high-quality training data publicly available. This work presents four reusable open source solutions for researchers trained on data we collected due to the lack of available labeled high-quality training data. We refer to the proposed dataset as the NightSkyUCP dataset, consisting \hl{of 10,000 meteor- and 10,000 non-meteor-events summing up to} 20,000 events. Our solutions apply various machine learning techniques, namely classification, feature learning, anomaly detection, and extrapolation. For the balanced classification task, a mean accuracy of 99.1% is achieved..