Architectural Petterning in Residential Structures of the Gallina Phase from Northwestern New Mexico

ABSTRACT
The Gallina Phase (A.D. 1100 – 1275) is an Anasazi adaptation to the highlands
along the Continental Divide of northwestern New Mexico. It is best described as
marginal to developmental trends shaping the Puebloan world around it, appearing quite conservative in numerous aspects. Residential architecture is one aspect in which the Gallina Phase developed along its own trajectory. The residential pit structures and surface structures are used to evaluate spatial and temporal differences within the Gallina Phase itself and to address long held assumptions regarding the origins and post-Gallina Phase migrations of the Gallina region populations. Comparisons are made between the Gallina region and the Upper San Juan, Chaco, Northern Rio Grande, and Jemez regions of northern New Mexico. Statistical and inferential analyses are employed to test these assumptions. Results reveal the various architectural features from each of the regions are part of a greater pan-Anasazi architectural tradition making statistically significant differences between the Gallina and other regions difficult to recognize. Inferential analysis is then used to evaluate the database. This reveals possible early and late Gallina Phase residential styles and adds insight into overall architectural patterning. Few definitive statements regarding the relations between the Gallina region and the neighboring regions are made but the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments surrounding pre- and post-Gallina Phase movements are addressed providing the basis for future research.