Multi-locus genome-wide association study for grain yield and drought tolerance indices in sorghum accessions

Drought is a significant factor that causes yield loss in essential cereal crops such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), necessitating the development of drought-tolerant varieties adaptable to various water conditions. This study aimed to pinpoint drought-tolerant sorghum lines and genomic regions for tolerance by utilizing 216 sorghum accessions in stressed and non-stressed environments at two locations. Genetic diversity was evident among accessions in terms of grain yield under different watering regimes. Drought stress indices such as the stress tolerance index, mean Productivity, geometric mean productivity, harmonic mean productivity, Yield Stability Index and Yield Index were identified as effective measures for selecting drought-tolerant sorghum. Cluster analysis classified genotypes into four groups based on their association with grain yield, highlighting Acc#28546 and Acc#216739 as highly drought tolerant across environments. This study identified 32 and 22 Quantitati..., The field experiment was conducted at two sites at the Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research: the Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) and the Werer Agricultural Research Center (WARC). The MARC is situated at a latitude of 80 24’ 985” N and a longitude of 390 19’ 185” 9E, with an altitude of 1550 m above sea level. The WARC is located at a latitude of 90 22’’ N and a longitude of 400 11’’ E at an altitude of 750 m above sea level. Both areas are recognized as semiarid and drought prone regions. These sites were selected for the study due to their historical weather data indicating low rainfall, in addition to the presence of well-organized irrigation facilities.
Genomic DNA (gDNA) was then extracted from the frozen tissues following the CTAB protocol with some modifications (Rogers and Bendich, 1985). The gDNA samples were subsequently subjected to DNA sequencing through genotyping by sequencing technology using DArTseqTM technology. This process was carried out via the I..., , # Multi-locus Genome-wide Association Study for Grain Yield and Drought Tolerance Indices in Sorghum Accessions

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rhk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c59zw3rhk)

The `Hapmap_200_edited.txt` contains 17638 SNP markers generated from 216 sorghum accessions.

`Mlk_induces.xlsx` contains grain yield under both well-water and water stress and drought indices estimated from grain yield.

Abbreviations

* Ys = Yield mean of each accession under water-stress condition (kg/ha)
* Yi = Yield mean of each accession under well-water condition (kg/ha)
* SSI=Stress Susceptible index
* STI=Stress tolerance index
* MP=Mean Productivity
* TOL=Tolerance index
* GMP=Geometric Mean Productivity
* HMP=Harmonic Mean Productivity
* YR=Yield reduction ratio
* YSI=Yield Stability Index
* Genotype codes
* YL=Yield index

| code | Genotype Name |
| :--- | :-------------- |
| G1 | Acc#220236 |
| G2 | Acc#20710 |
| G3 | Acc#220244 |
| G4 | Acc#220240 ...