Supporting data for "The chromosome-level draft genome of a diploid plum (Prunus salicina)"

Plums are one of the most economically important <i>Rosaceae</i> fruit crops and contain dozens of species distributed across the world. Until now, only limited genomic information is available for the genetic studies and breeding programs of plums. <i>Prunus salicina</i>, an important diploid plum species, plays a predominant role in modern commercial plum production. Here we selected <i>P. salicina</i> for whole-genome sequencing and presented a chromosome-level genome assembly through the combination of PacBio sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and Hi-C technology. The assembly had a total size of 284.2 Mb, with contig N50 of 1.8Mb and Scaffold N50 of 32.3 Mb. 96.56% of the assembled sequences were anchored onto eight pseudochromosomes and a total of 24,448 protein-coding genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>P. salicina</i> had closer relationship with <i>P. mume</i> and <i>P. armeniaca</i>, with <i>P. salicina</i> diverging from their common ancestor approximately 9.05 million years ago (Mya). 146 gene families were expanded during <i>P. salicina</i> evolution and some cell wall-related GO terms were significantly enriched. It was noteworthy that members in the DUF579 family, a new class involved in xylan biosynthesis, were significantly expanded in <i>P. salicina</i>, which provided new insight into the xylan metabolism in plums. We constructed the first high-quality chromosome-level plum genome using PacBio, Illumina and Hi-C technologies. This work provides a valuable resource for facilitating plum breeding programs and studying the genetic diversity mechanisms of plums and <i>Prunus</i> species.