中国1:1000万冻土区划及类型图（2000）

该数据是中国冻土区划及类型图（1：1000万）（邱国庆等，2000；周幼吾 等，2000）的数字化，采用了区划和类型双系列体系，在同一份图上同时用区划体系和类型体系来反映在各个级别上冻土形成和分布的共性与个性。
区划体系包括三个冻土大区：（1）中国东部冻土大区；（2）中国西北冻土大区；（3）中国西南（青藏高原）冻土大区。在三个大区的基础上，又进一步划分出16个区及下面的若干亚区。冻土区划界线的划分中，I大区和III大区的界线主要参考了李炳元（1987）的结果；II大区和III大区的界线就是青藏高原的北界，即昆仑山—阿尔金山—祁连山北侧和山麓线；I大区和II大区的界线在贺兰山—狼山一带。二级区的界线，在II大区和III大区中以地貌条件为依据进行划分，在I大区则以气温年较差A与年平均气温T的比值为主要划分依据，并考虑到各地的冻结深度。
类型体系基于冻土连续性、冻土存在的时间和季节冻结深度，划分为8个类型，各类型界线主要取自《中国冰雪冻土图》（1：400万）（施雅风 等，1988）并参考了一些新资料，而季节冻土界线则主要以气象站资料为依据。各类型的定义如下：
（1）大片多年冻土：连续系数为90%-70%；
（2）大片-岛状多年冻土：连续系数为70%-30%；
（3）稀疏岛状多年冻土：连续系数为<30%；
（4）山地多年冻土；
（5）中深季节冻土：可能达到的最大季节冻结深度>1m；
（6）浅季节冻土：可能达到的最大季节冻结深度<1m；
（7）短时冻土：保存时间不足一个月；
（8）非冻土。

根据该数据计算的中国多年冻土区面积约2.19×106km²，约占中国领土的22.83％。其中，高山多年冻土0.42×106km²，约占我国领土面积的4.39％。季节冻土面积约4.76×106km²，约占我国领土的49.6％，瞬时冻土面积约1.86×106km²，占我国领土的19.33％。
更多信息参考文献（周幼吾 等，2000）。

This dataset is the digitized version of the 1:10,000,000 Map of China's Permafrost Regionalization and Types (Qiu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000), which adopts a dual system of regionalization and classification. Both the regionalization and classification systems are applied on the same map to reflect the commonalities and specific characteristics of permafrost formation and distribution at all levels.

The regionalization system includes three major permafrost regions: (1) Eastern China Permafrost Major Region; (2) Northwestern China Permafrost Major Region; (3) Southwestern China (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) Permafrost Major Region. Based on the three major regions, it is further divided into 16 secondary regions and several sub-regions under them.

For the delimitation of permafrost regionalization boundaries: the boundary between Region I and Region III is mainly based on the results of Li (1987); the boundary between Region II and Region III is the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, namely the northern piedmonts of the Kunlun, Altun and Qilian Mountains; the boundary between Region I and Region II is located along the Helan Mountains and Langshan Mountains. For the boundaries of secondary regions, those in Region II and Region III are divided based on geomorphic conditions, while those in Region I are mainly based on the ratio of annual temperature range A to annual mean temperature T, with consideration of local freezing depths.

The classification system is divided into 8 types based on permafrost continuity, duration of permafrost existence and seasonal freezing depth. The boundaries of each type are mainly derived from the 1:4,000,000 Map of China's Snow and Permafrost (Shi et al., 1988) with reference to some new data, while the boundaries of seasonal permafrost are mainly based on meteorological station data. The definitions of each type are as follows:
(1) Extensive continuous permafrost: continuous coefficient of 90%-70%;
(2) Extensive-island permafrost: continuous coefficient of 70%-30%;
(3) Sparse island permafrost: continuous coefficient <30%;
(4) Mountain permafrost;
(5) Moderately deep seasonal permafrost: maximum possible seasonal freezing depth >1m;
(6) Shallow seasonal permafrost: maximum possible seasonal freezing depth <1m;
(7) Short-term permafrost: duration less than one month;
(8) Non-permafrost.

The area of permafrost regions in China calculated based on this dataset is approximately 2.19×10^6 km², accounting for about 22.83% of China's territory. Among them, alpine permafrost covers an area of 0.42×10^6 km², accounting for about 4.39% of China's territory. The area of seasonal permafrost is approximately 4.76×10^6 km², accounting for 49.6% of China's territory, while the area of short-term permafrost is approximately 1.86×10^6 km², accounting for 19.33% of China's territory.
For more information, please refer to Zhou et al. (2000).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是中国1:1000万冻土区划及类型图的数字化版本（2000年），采用区划和类型双系列体系，将中国冻土划分为三个大区、16个区和8种类型，详细反映了冻土的形成和分布特征。基于此数据，中国多年冻土区面积约2.19×10^6 km²，占国土面积的22.83%，季节冻土面积约占49.6%，为冻土研究提供了重要基础。