Qualitative Election Study of Britain Party Leader Evaluations Database, 2005-2024

In each round of the Qualitative Election study, participants were asked to provide the words and phrases they associate with British political party leaders. The data were collected during pre-election focus groups and interviews conducted with participants from England, Scotland and Wales, during the General Election campaigns of 2010, 2015, 2017, and 2019. For the in person data collection, party leader evaluation pre-election component, participants were provided with head shot pictures of the party leaders (depending on where in Britain they lived) taken from the party’s own website. In 2024 the data collection was moved online and participants filled in the words and phrases as part of the application process to join the study. Participants were instructed to write down words or phrases they associate with each person, and indicate if that association was positive, negative or neutral. During the focus groups, the focus group moderator would lead the group in a discussion of the positives, negatives and neutral qualities of each leader. The data included in this dataset only includes the words and phrases written down by the participants, and not the subsequent discussion. These data are structure for use in sentiment analysis. Each tab contains a column listing participant’s’ words and phrases as a string variable; the next two columns list the election year and leader, affective evaluations (relating to, arising from, or influencing feelings or emotions) as a string variable, and the affective evaluation as a numeric scale from negative –1 to positive +1. These data are suitable for sentiment and discourse analysis, or analytic generalization – establishing that a concept exists within a population regardless of the number of people who hold it. The new version contains the 2005 and 2014 supplement data. Words from the 2005 British General Election are substantively different from the other data. They were collected from the article 'Hearts or Minds: Men, Women and Leader Evaluations in the 2005 General Election' by K Winters, R Campbell in Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2005, 184-202. Words coded as 1 indicate the respondent thought the word was important in their considerations. In addition, a supplementary dataset is provided of leaders’ evaluation data from a study with residents of Dundee after the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014 (N = 287).<p>The Qualitative Election Study of Britain (QESB) Party Leader Evaluation Database 2010 – 2024 contains the collection of 5,504 words and phrases that evaluate British political party leaders collected during pre-election focus groups and interviews conducted with participants from England, Scotland and Wales, during the General Election campaigns of 2010, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2024. The aim of this component of the QESB was to get language in use data on the various party leaders, to suppliment, compliment and perhaps contradict closed-ended question results from public polling and social surveys. These data aren't released alongside the transcript data, however the transcripts refer to respondents' answers. The PIs of the study decided to collect the nearly 15 years worth of raw data and transform it for secondary reuse.</p>在每一轮定性选举研究（Qualitative Election Study）中，参与者需提供其与英国政党领导人相关联的词汇与短语。本数据集的数据采集于2010、2015、2017及2019年大选竞选期间，面向英格兰、苏格兰与威尔士的参与者开展选举前焦点小组座谈与访谈。针对线下数据采集环节中的政党领导人选举前评价模块，研究人员会向参与者提供取自政党官方网站的政党领导人正面头像照片（依据参与者居住的英国地区而定）。2024年起，数据采集转为线上形式，参与者需在加入本研究的申请流程中填写相关词汇与短语。 参与者被要求写下其与每位领导人相关联的词汇或短语，并标注该关联为正向、负向还是中性。在焦点小组座谈中，小组主持人会引导参与者讨论每位领导人的正向、负向与中性特质。本数据集仅包含参与者写下的词汇与短语，不包含后续的座谈讨论内容。 本数据集经结构化处理，可用于情感分析（sentiment analysis）。每个工作表均包含一列以字符串变量形式呈现的参与者词汇与短语；后续两列分别为大选年份与领导人信息，以及以字符串变量形式呈现的情感评价（与感受或情绪相关、由其产生或影响其的评价），同时附有从负向-1到正向+1的数值标尺形式的情感评价得分。本数据集适用于情感与话语分析（discourse analysis），或分析性推广（analytic generalization）——即无需考虑持有某一观点的人群数量，即可验证该概念在某一群体中存在的分析方法。 新版数据集新增了2005年与2014年的补充数据。2005年英国大选（British General Election）的相关词汇与其他年份的数据存在实质性差异，其采集自K·温特斯（K Winters）与R·坎贝尔（R Campbell）发表于《政治传播：2005年大选竞选》（*Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2005*）第184-202页的文章《心灵或头脑：2005年大选中的性别与领导人评价》（*Hearts or Minds: Men, Women and Leader Evaluations in the 2005 General Election*）。编码为1的词汇表示受访者认为该词在其决策考量中具有重要性。 此外，本数据集还附带一份补充数据集，其数据来自2014年苏格兰独立公投（Scottish Independence Referendum）后针对邓迪市居民开展的领导人评价研究（样本量N=287）。 英国定性选举研究（Qualitative Election Study of Britain, QESB）政党领导人评价数据库（Party Leader Evaluation Database）2010-2024收录了总计5504条评价英国政党领导人的词汇与短语，这些数据采集于2010、2015、2017、2019及2024年大选竞选期间，面向英格兰、苏格兰与威尔士的参与者开展选举前焦点小组座谈与访谈。 QESB该模块的研究目标是获取各政党领导人相关的在用语言数据，以补充、完善乃至对冲公开民调与社会调查中的封闭式问题结果。 本数据集未与转录数据（transcript data）一同发布，但转录数据会提及受访者的回答。本研究的首席研究员（principal investigators, PIs）耗时近15年收集原始数据并完成结构化处理，以支持二次复用。