Data from: Genetic differences among Cedrela odorata sites in Bolivia provide limited potential for fine-scale timber tracing

Illegal trade of tropical timber leads to biodiversity and economic losses
worldwide. There is a need for forensic tools that allow tracing the
origin of timber and verifying compliance with international and national
regulations. We evaluated the potential for genetic tracing of Cedrela
odorata, one of the most traded neotropical timbers, within Bolivia. Using
a set of seven microsatellites (SSRs), we studied the spatial distribution
and genetic diversity and tested whether populations show sufficient
genetic discrimination for timber tracing at a national level. Cambium and
leaves were sampled from 81 C. odorata trees from three sites, at
268–501-km distance. To explore genetic differentiation, Bayesian
clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. To infer
the origin of samples, we conducted kernel discriminant analysis (KDA)
based on a PCA that included all alleles and a manual assessment of
site-unique alleles. The PCA showed three distinct genetic clusters, but
only one of them corresponded with one of the sampled sites. The KDA based
on allele frequency had a 33.7% mean classification error, with a
considerably lower error (8.2%) for the site which matched with one
genetic cluster. The blind test on unique alleles led to a similar
classification error (30%). The occurrence of multiple genetic clusters
within sites suggests that Bolivian C. odorata populations contain several
parental lines, resulting in limited potential for forensic tracing at a
national level. Based on our findings, we recommend for additional
sampling across the spatial range of C. odorata within the country to
support the development of forensic techniques for this species.