Inclusive green growth of China’s economy and its influence factors

To evaluate the inclusiveness and greenness of China’s economic growth, we use the Generalized Bonferroni Curve including environmental costs to measure the level of inclusive green growth and the social green inclusion index (SGII). Additionally, we explore the factors influencing inclusive green growth using the panel data model. We found that: (1) at the national level, the GBC including environmental costs exhibited an upward shift during 2013–2017; (2) economic growth in urban areas is more inclusive and environmentally sustainable compared to rural areas; (3) factors such as economic growth, investment, fiscal support, energy consumption, forest coverage, and endowment insurance contribute to achieving more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Conversely, financial development, technological innovation, and CO2 emissions constrain inclusive green growth. This study provides novel methodological insights for measuring inclusive green growth and offers theoretical references for sustainable policy formulation.