In this table, we excluded metabolites that exhibit horizontal pleiotropy and are not associated with both BMI and NAFLD. We attempted to merge Tables 2-4, but we encountered an unresolved issue: the mediation analysis identifies metabolites that are associated with both BMI and NAFLD simultaneously, whereas many metabolites are only associated with one of these (either BMI or NAFLD). Although we tried to integrate the tables, we found that forced integration would paradoxically increase the complexity of the table. As shown in this table, there are a total of 157 metabolites, but only 86 of them are potential mediators. Therefore, merging the three tables would actually increase the complexity of the presentation.

In this table, we excluded metabolites that exhibit horizontal pleiotropy and are not associated with both BMI and NAFLD. We attempted to merge Tables 2-4, but we encountered an unresolved issue: the mediation analysis identifies metabolites that are associated with both BMI and NAFLD simultaneously, whereas many metabolites are only associated with one of these (either BMI or NAFLD). Although we tried to integrate the tables, we found that forced integration would paradoxically increase the complexity of the table. As shown in this table, there are a total of 157 metabolites, but only 86 of them are potential mediators. Therefore, merging the three tables would actually increase the complexity of the presentation.