Cross-cultural translation and validation of the ‘gut feelings’ questionnaire into Spanish and Catalan

Background: The gut feelings questionnaire (GFQ) is the only tool developed to assess the presence of a ‘sense of alarm’ or a ‘sense of reassurance’ in the diagnostic process of general practitioners (GPs). It was created in Dutch and English and has validated versions in French, German and Polish. Objectives: To obtain a cross-cultural translation of the GFQ into Spanish and Catalan and to assess the structural properties of the translated versions. Methods: A six-step procedure including forward and backward translations, consensus, and cultural and linguistic validation was performed for both languages. Internal consistency, factor structure, and content validity were assessed. Results: Internal consistency was high for both questionnaires (Cronbach’s alpha for GFQ-Spa = 0.94 and GFQ-Cat = 0.95). The principal component analysis identified one factor with the sense of alarm and the sense of reassurance as two opposites, explaining 76% of the total variance for the GFQ-Spa, and 77% for the GFQ-Cat. Conclusion: Spanish and Catalan versions of the GFQ were obtained. Both have been cross-culturally adapted and showed good structural properties.背景：直觉感受问卷（gut feelings questionnaire, GFQ）是目前唯一一款用于评估全科医生（general practitioners, GPs）诊疗过程中“警觉性感知”与“安心感感知”存在情况的工具。该问卷最初以荷兰语和英语开发，现有经效度验证的法语、德语及波兰语版本。研究目的：完成GFQ的西班牙语与加泰罗尼亚语跨文化适配翻译，并评估译制版本的结构特性。研究方法：针对两种目标语言，采用包含正向-反向翻译、共识校准及文化与语言学效度验证在内的六步骤流程开展工作，同时对问卷的内部一致性、因子结构及内容效度进行评估。研究结果：两种译制问卷均表现出较高的内部一致性：西班牙语版GFQ（GFQ-Spa）的克朗巴赫α系数（Cronbach’s alpha）为0.94，加泰罗尼亚语版GFQ（GFQ-Cat）为0.95。主成分分析（principal component analysis）结果显示，警觉性感知与安心感感知构成单一因子且呈反向相关，该因子可解释GFQ-Spa总变异的76%、GFQ-Cat总变异的77%。结论：本研究成功获得GFQ的西班牙语与加泰罗尼亚语版本，两款译制版本均经跨文化适配，且展现出良好的结构特性。