Ancient genomes from eastern Kazakhstan reveal dynamic genetic legacy of Inner Eurasian hunter-gatherers

Eurasian Steppe meets the mountain forests of Inner Asia. Here we report genome-wide data of two Early Neolithic (EN) hunter-gatherers and 19 Middle-Late Bronze Age (MLBA) pastoralists, from the site of Koken in the Upper Irtysh River region in eastern Kazakhstan. We find that the two EN individuals differed in their genetic profiles and yet were second-degree relatives. They were genetically most similar to subsequent Neolithic individuals in the Irtysh region, while contemporaneous hunter-gatherers from the Tobol-Ishim and Upper Ob River regions had distinct genetic profiles, likely influenced by riverine geography. The Koken MLBA individuals were genetically similar to other MLBA steppe pastoralists, while genetic outliers provide evidence of two distinct trajectories of admixture with local hunter-gatherer populations. These findings illuminate the dynamic population structure of Inner Asian hunter-gatherers and their genetic legacy in subsequent pastoralist populations., , , # Ancient genomes from eastern Kazakhstan reveal dynamic genetic legacy of Inner Eurasian hunter-gatherers

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.4xgxd25nx](10.5061/dryad.4xgxd25nx)

## Description of the data and file structure

This repository contains genotype data and scripts used for the analyses in \"Ancient genomes from eastern Kazakhstan reveal dynamic genetic legacy of Inner Eurasian hunter-gatherers\".

### Files and variables

#### File: Koken_Supplementary_Figure_12_PCA.eval

**Description:** This file contains the eigenvalues from the PCA performed using present-day western Eurasian individuals (see Supplementary Figure 11, 12 and 14).

#### File: Koken_Figure_2_map_Lat_Lon_coordinates.csv

**Description:** This file contains the meta data used for plotting the map in Figure 2 (see Figure 2).

##### Variables

* Study Group: Population ID 
* Latitude: Latitude of the excavated site 
* Longitude: Longitude of the excavated site 
* Age average: Average radiocarbon date of the excavated ...