Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from raccoons (Procyon lotor) and the environment on swine farms and conservation areas in southern Ontario

Using a repeated cross-sectional study conducted over 3 years, our objectives were to: (1) compare the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from raccoon and environmental samples from swine farms and conservation areas, and (2) assess the impact of season, climate, year, location type, and raccoon demographic factors on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in raccoon fecal and environmental samples.