Summary of smoking adjustment factors (SAF) and the population attributable fraction (PAF) due to smoking for the major causes of deaths to the lungs.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio (ever smoking vs. never smokers); 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
aAll the odds ratios other than silicosis for smoking (ever vs. never smoking) was obtained from a case-control study of all adult deaths in Hong Kong [17].
bWe assumed Hong Kong male smokers having the same risk of silicosis as those of Italy ceramic workers; however, we had to use the incidence OR for silicosis (smoking vs. never smoking) to represent the mortality OR, as we do not have relevant mortality data in Hong Kong [18].
cThe odds ratio of other vascular disease was used to estimate the SAF-corrected SMR for pulmonary heart disease [17].
dThe SAF for smoking silicotics was numerically equal to 1/[(1-PAR%)RR] and that for nonsmoking silicotics was 1/(1-PAR%) (detailed calculations were illustrated in Supplement S1).