Diversity and abundance of birds and insects on organic and conventional farms in southern Finland, 2000 - 2006

The data originate from national monitoring on the effects of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme (MYTVAS). The main study area was situated in Pukkila and Orimattila, an agriculturally dominated landscape in southern Finland, and it consists of ca. 30 km2 of arable land. In the study area, organic farming comprised 10 - 11 % of the arable area. Bird territories in the study area were censused in May-June 2000 - 2006 using a two-visit (2000 - 2001) or three-visit (2002 - 2006) application of the standard mapping method (Bibby et al. 2000). Both true field species and species which use both farmland and forest or human settlements were included. Abundances and population trends of birds were compared with data from four other convebtional areas comprising roughly same acreage. Data on butterflies, diurnal moths and bumblebees were collected in 2001-2005 from late May onwards to late August, with two-week intervals on 50-m long sample transects by using a standard line-transect method (Pollard & Yates 1993). Additionally, the abundance of flowering nectar-rich plants on the transects was recorded annually in late July. The methods are described in the following publications: Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. Luomuviljelyn vaikutus maatalousympäristön luonnon monimuotoisuuteen. In: Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (Eds.). Maatalouden ympäristötuen merkitys luonnon monimuotoisuudelle ja maisemalle: MYTVAS-loppuraportti 2000-2006 (Significance of the Finnish agri-environment support scheme for biodiversity and landscape: Final report 2000-2006, in Finnish). Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 128-139. Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation 140: 50-61. Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. Role of organic and conventional field boundaries on boreal bumblebees and butterflies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 124: 155-159. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. Bird Census Techniques (second ed.). Academic Press, London. Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. 274 p. Results of analyses into these data were published in the following theses and their originial articles: Piha, M. 2007. Spatial and temporal determinants of Finnish farmland bird populations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki. Ekroos, J. 2010. Effects of management and landscape structure on biodiversity in boreal agricultural landscapes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Helsinki.本数据集源自芬兰农业环境支持计划（MYTVAS）的国家级效应监测。本研究的核心区域位于芬兰南部以农业为主的景观带普基拉（Pukkila）与奥里马蒂拉（Orimattila），区域内耕地总面积约30平方千米，其中有机农业占耕地总面积的10%~11%。 2000—2006年5—6月，采用标准领地绘图法（standard mapping method，Bibby et al. 2000）对研究区内的鸟类领地开展普查：2000—2001年采用2次回访方案，2002—2006年采用3次回访方案。本次调查涵盖纯农田栖息鸟类，以及同时利用农田、森林或人居环境的广适性鸟类物种。研究将该区域鸟类的种群数量与种群趋势，与另外4个面积规模相当的常规农业区域的对应数据进行对比分析。 2001—2005年，自5月下旬至8月下旬，采用标准样带法（standard line-transect method，Pollard & Yates 1993），以两周为调查间隔，在50米长的标准样带上开展蝶类、昼行性蛾类与熊蜂的种群监测。此外，每年7月下旬同步记录样带上富含花蜜的开花植物的丰度。 本研究的方法细节详见以下出版物： 1. Tiainen, J., Ekroos, J., Piha, M., Rintala, J., Seimola, T. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2008. 有机农业对农业环境生物多样性的影响. 收录于：Kuussaari, M., Heliölä, J., Tiainen, J., Helenius, J. (编). 《农业环境支持计划对生物多样性与景观的意义：MYTVAS 2000—2006年最终报告》（芬兰语）. Suomen ympäristö 4/2008: 128-139. 2. Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. 2007. 土地利用与景观特征对有机与常规农业模式下的北方农业景观鸟类多样性与丰度的影响. 《生物多样性保护》（Biological Conservation）140: 50-61. 3. Ekroos, J., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. 2007. 有机与常规农田边界对北方熊蜂与蝶类的作用. 《农业、生态系统与环境》（Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment）124: 155-159. 4. Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. 2000. 《鸟类普查技术（第二版）》. 伦敦：学术出版社. 5. Pollard, E. & Yates, T. 1993. 《用于生态学与保护研究的蝶类监测》. 英国伦敦：查普曼与霍尔出版社. 共274页. 基于本数据集的分析结果已发表于以下学位论文及原创研究论文： 1. Piha, M. 2007. 《芬兰农田鸟类种群的时空决定因子》. 赫尔辛基大学哲学博士学位论文. 2. Ekroos, J. 2010. 《管理措施与景观结构对北方农业景观生物多样性的影响》. 赫尔辛基大学哲学博士学位论文.