Georeferenced point data of soil properties in the Netherlands

This dataset contains georeferenced point data of basic soil properties in the Netherlands from the "Bodemkundig Informatie Systeem" (BIS), the national soil database of the Netherlands. It includes soil point data of clay content [%], silt content [%], sand content [%], bulk density (BD) [g/cm3], soil organic matter (SOM) [%], pH [KCl], total N (Ntot) [mg/kg], oxalate-extractable P (Pox) [mmol/kg] and cation exchange capacity (CEC) [mmol(c)/kg]. All of the soil properties were measured with conventional laboratory methods. In addition to the laboratory measurements, there are also field estimates made by soil surveyors for clay, BD and SOM. All laboratory measurements are part of the "Profielbeschrijving" (PFB) dataset of BIS. Field estimates for clay, BD and SOM are mostly from the "Boring Bodemkundige paket" (BPK) dataset of BIS, as well as some from the PFB dataset. Field estimates from PFB for which there was a laboratory measurement available from the same location and depth were removed from the dataset. All soil laboratory measurements and field estimates were collected by taking soil samples in the field. Soil samples were taken by genetic soil horizons from depths between 0-2 m, excluding the humus/litter/O horizon layer between 1953-2023.<br>Tabular datasets of each georeferenced soil property point data are provided as separate CSV files for each soil property. The soil point data cover the entire Netherlands (national scale) and the spatial projection of the provided X and Y coordinates is EPSG:28992 (Amersfoort / RD New), which is the national projection most commonly used in the Netherlands.<br>All laboratory measurements of all 9 soil properties can be viewed at bodemdata.nl under "Profielbeschrijvingen met analyses". All field estimates can be viewed via the same link under "Profielbeschrijvingen". Here you can also find additional metadata and information of soil properties not included in this dataset. Part of the BIS is also part of the National Key registry of the Subsurface (BRO) of the Netherlands. For more information on subsurface data in the Netherlands you can also see this detailed manual.

本数据集源自荷兰国家土壤数据库**Bodemkundig Informatie Systeem（BIS）**，包含荷兰境内带地理坐标的基础土壤属性点位数据。
本数据集涵盖黏土含量（clay content）[%]、粉粒含量（silt content）[%]、砂粒含量（sand content）[%]、容重（bulk density, BD）[g/cm³]、土壤有机质（soil organic matter, SOM）[%]、氯化钾浸提pH（pH [KCl]）、全氮（total N, Ntot）[mg/kg]、草酸浸提态磷（oxalate-extractable P, Pox）[mmol/kg]以及阳离子交换量（cation exchange capacity, CEC）[mmol(c)/kg]的土壤点位数据。所有土壤属性均采用常规实验室方法测定。
除实验室测定数据外，本数据集还包含土壤调查人员针对黏土、容重（BD）及土壤有机质（SOM）完成的野外估算值。所有实验室测定数据均隶属于BIS的**Profielbeschrijving（PFB）**数据集。黏土、容重（BD）与土壤有机质（SOM）的野外估算值主要源自BIS的**Boring Bodemkundige paket（BPK）**数据集，另有少量来自PFB数据集。若PFB数据集中存在同点位同深度的实验室测定数据，则对应野外估算值已从本数据集中移除。所有土壤实验室测定数据与野外估算值均通过野外采集土壤样本获得。样本按发生学土壤土层采集，采样深度介于0~2米，1953年至2023年间采集的样本排除了腐殖质/枯落物/O层。
各带地理坐标的土壤属性点位数据以表格形式存储，按单个土壤属性分别导出为独立的CSV文件。本土壤点位数据覆盖荷兰全境（国家尺度），所提供的X、Y坐标采用EPSG:28992（Amersfoort / RD New）空间投影，这是荷兰最常用的国家坐标系。
全部9项土壤属性的实验室测定数据可在bodemdata.nl网站的"Profielbeschrijvingen met analyses"栏目下查看。所有野外估算值可通过同一网站的"Profielbeschrijvingen"栏目查看。在此还可获取本数据集未收录的额外元数据及其他土壤属性相关信息。BIS的部分内容同时隶属于荷兰国家地下关键注册表（National Key registry of the Subsurface, BRO）。若需了解更多荷兰地下数据相关信息，可查阅该详细手册。