Rapid drawdown of Antarctica's Wordie Ice Shelf glaciers in response to ENSO/Southern Annular Mode-driven warming in the Southern Ocean

Here we investigate the largest acceleration in ice flow across all of Antarctica between 11 ~2008 InSAR and 2014 Landsat velocity mappings. This occurred in glaciers that used to feed 12 into the Wordie Ice Shelf on the west Antarctic Peninsula, which rapidly disintegrated in ~1989. 13 Between 2008 and 2014, these glaciers experienced at least a threefold increase in surface 14 elevation drawdown relative to the 2002-2008 time period. After ~20 years of relative stability, it 15 is unlikely that the ice shelf collapse played a role in the large response. Instead, we find that the 16 rapid acceleration and surface drawdown is linked to enhanced melting at the ice-ocean 17 boundary, attributable to changes in winds driven by global atmospheric circulation patterns, 18 namely the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM), linking 19 changes in grounded ice to atmospheric-driven ocean warming.