data Pihain et al Evolutionary response to coexistence with close relatives.xlsx

Measurement of herbivory

We assessed herbivory, using frozen leaves out
of which we randomly selected 15 to 30 (variation imposed by technical
constraints). As in Giffard et al. (2012), we discriminated three types of
herbivory based on the feeding guild: (i) galls (ii) mines, i.e. galleries formed
between the upper and the lower epidermis by insect larvae, and (iii) ectophagy,
i.e. the partial or complete loss of leaf including epidermis. To quantify
herbivory we first approximately quantified the surface of the leaf prior to
damage by reconstructing the initial leaf shape before herbivory on a photocopy
of the leaf. We traced the drawing on a grid of points of 1x1cm² (Yguel et al.
2011). Then, we laid the grid on the leaf to quantify the area lost through
ectophagy or leaf mines. Throughout, “area” was the number of points covering a
given damaged or undamaged part of the leaf. We also counted the number of
galls and leaf mines.