Supplemental materials for the manuscript of effect on anti-hepatocellular carcinoma from Corydalis conspersa: a network pharmacology,molecular docking, and experimental validation

The results indicated that there are 10 common targets for alkaloids within Corydalis conspersa that may be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene function annotation results showed significant biological processes and molecular functions. Enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in the main eight signaling pathways, as well as anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Three protein targets, including the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ESR1), and proto-oncogene FOS, exhibited significant differences across the seven types of cells and are associated with higher survival rates in hepatocellular carcinoma. The alkaloids of coptisine exhibited strong binding activity with the target FOS, berberine with the target ESR1, and palmatine with the target AR, which is consistent with the molecular dynamics results. By screening the activity of alkaloids against HCC cells of Hapa1-6 and HepG2, research results confirmed that the three alkaloids (bicuculline, isocorydine, and sanguinarine) within Corydalis conspersa exerted anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects. We will further explore how the chemical components exhibit their anti-liver cancer efficacy through multiple targets and pathways, providing a scientific basis for further studies and clinical applications.