Genetic-environment associations explain genetic differentiation and variation between western and eastern North Pacific Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) breeding colonies

Animals are strongly connected to the environments they live in and may become adapted to local environments. Examining genetic-environment associations of key indicator species, like seabirds, provide greater insights into the forces that drive evolution in marine systems. Here we examined a RADseq dataset of 19,213 SNPs for 99 Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) from five western Pacific and ten eastern Pacific breeding colonies. We used partial-redundancy analyses to identify candidate adaptive loci and to quantify the effects of environmental variation on population genetic structure. We identified 262 candidate adaptive loci, which accounted for 3.0% of the observed genetic variation among western Pacific and eastern Pacific breeding colonies. Genetic variation was more strongly associated with pH and maximum current velocity, than maximum sea surface temperature. Genetic-environment associations explain genetic differences between western and eastern Pacific populations, ho..., DNA was extracted from blood samples using a salting out extraction protocol (for samples from the eastern Pacific, Miller, Dykes & Polesky, 1988) or a Qiagen DNAeasy kit (for samples from western Pacific). Genomic DNA was used to construct nextRAD genotyping-by-sequencing libraries (SNPsaurus, LLC) using the Sbf1 enzyme as described by Baird et al. (2008). Genomic DNA was first fragmented with Nextera reagent (Illumina, Inc), which also ligates short adapter sequences to the ends of the fragments. The Nextera reaction was scaled for fragmenting 15 ng of genomic DNA, although 20 ng of genomic DNA was used for input to compensate for the amount of degraded DNA in the samples and to increase fragment sizes. Fragmented DNA was then amplified for 27 cycles at an annealing temperature of 74 oC, with one of the primers matching the adapter and extending ten nucleotides into the genomic DNA with the selective sequence GTGTAGAGCC. Only those fragments starting with that sequence can be hybr..., , # Genetic-environment associations explain genetic differentiation and variation between western and eastern North Pacific Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) breeding colonies

This README file is associated with the article Genetic-environment associations explain genetic differentiation and variation between western and eastern North Pacific Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) breeding colonies. The readme here is associated with the **RHAUenvVar.csv** data file. These data were used to conduct the redundancy analyses and detect associations between loci and environmental variables. 

IID= Individual ID

Lat=Latitude

Long=Longitude

salt.max/min= Maximum and minimum measured salinity value (probably in PSU or ppt)

cv.max/min=maximum and minimum current velocity (m/s)

temp.max/min=maximum and minimum sea surface temperature (degree C)

ph=pH

salt.mean=Mean salinity value

Res.PC1=Resistance analysis principal component 1

Res.PC2=Resistance analysis principal component...,