Data from: Comparison of the genetic determinism of two key phenological traits, flowering and maturity dates, in three Prunus species: peach, apricot and sweet cherry

The present study investigates the genetic determinism of flowering and maturity dates, two traits highly affected by global climate change. Flowering and maturity dates were evaluated on five progenies from three Prunus species, peach, apricot and sweet cherry, during three to eight years. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection was performed separately for each year and also by integrating data from all years together. High heritability estimates were obtained for flowering and maturity dates. Several QTLs for flowering and maturity dates were highly stable, detected each year of evaluation, suggesting that they were not affected by climatic variations. For flowering date, major QTLs were detected on linkage groups (LG) 4 for apricot and sweet cherry and on LG6 for peach. QTLs were identified on LG2, LG3, LG4 and LG7 for the three species. For maturity date, a major QTL was detected on LG4 in the three species. Using the peach genome sequence data, candidate genes underlying the major QTLs on LG4 and LG6 were investigated and key genes were identified. Our results provide a basis for the identification of genes involved in flowering and maturity dates that could be used to develop cultivar ideotypes adapted to future climatic conditions.本研究针对受全球气候变化影响极为显著的两个性状——开花期与成熟期的遗传决定机制开展系统研究。本研究以桃、杏、甜樱桃三个李属（Prunus）物种的5个杂交后代群体为试材，在3至8年的周期内对开花期与成熟期进行表型鉴定。定量性状位点（Quantitative Trait Locus, QTL）定位分析分别针对单一年份的数据集开展，同时也通过整合所有年份的表型数据进行联合定位。开花期与成熟期的遗传力评估值均较高。多个与开花期、成熟期相关的QTL表现出极高的稳定性，在各评估年份均能被稳定检测到，表明其不受气候波动的影响。针对开花期，杏与甜樱桃的4号连锁群（Linkage Group, LG4）以及桃的6号连锁群（LG6）上均检测到主效QTL。上述三个物种的开花期相关QTL还可在LG2、LG3、LG4与LG7连锁群上被鉴定到。针对成熟期，三个物种的LG4连锁群上均检测到主效QTL。基于桃基因组序列数据，本研究对LG4与LG6连锁群上主效QTL区域的候选基因进行了挖掘，并鉴定出关键调控基因。本研究结果为鉴定调控开花期与成熟期的相关基因提供了理论依据，相关成果可用于培育适配未来气候变化的栽培品种理想类型。