Studying the combined effects of a neonicotinoid–fungicide mixture on honey bee colonies across landscapes with varying levels of agricultural land.

The effect of a plant protection product (PPP) mixture on honey bee colonies across landscapes with varying levels of agricultural land was tested. Four treatments were applied: control: no PPPs, fungicide: Cantus(R) Gold (non-SBI fungicide), insecticide: Mospilan(R) (neonicotinoid), mixture: fungicide + insecticide. The proportion of agricultural land within 2 km of the colonies ranged from 43% to 97% annual cropland. Colony assessments (brood and honey area on combs) were conducted every 12 days (1_colony assessment.xlsx). Colony weight change during colony assessment intervals was calculated from a dataset of weight measured every five minutes with individual digital beehive scales (2_colony weight change.xlsx). Foraged pollen weight and diversity (Shannon Index) was taken every three days (3_pollen weight.xlsx and 4_shannon index.xlsx). For the analysis of relationships between colony assessments, pollen weight, and pollen diversity, the latter two variables were calculated to match the colony assessment periods (5_colony assessment, pollen weight, shannon index.xlsx).本研究针对农业用地占比各异的景观环境，测试了植保产品（Plant Protection Product, PPP）复配制剂对西方蜜蜂蜂群的影响。共设置4组处理：对照组（不施加任何植保产品）、杀菌剂组（施用Cantus® Gold，非甾醇生物合成抑制剂（SBI）类杀菌剂）、杀虫剂组（施用Mospilan®，新烟碱类杀虫剂）以及复配组（杀菌剂与杀虫剂复配）。蜂群周边2公里范围内的农业用地占比为43%至97%的一年生耕地。 每12天开展1次蜂群评估，检测指标包括巢脾上的蜂子与蜂蜜面积，相关数据存储于1_colony assessment.xlsx。基于每5分钟采集1次的单箱数字蜂箱秤重数据集，计算得到各蜂群评估周期内的蜂群体重变化，对应数据集为2_colony weight change.xlsx。每3天采集1次工蜂采集带回的花粉重量与花粉多样性（香农指数，Shannon Index），相关数据分别记录于3_pollen weight.xlsx与4_shannon index.xlsx。为分析蜂群评估结果、花粉重量与花粉多样性之间的关联，将后两项变量的采样数据对齐至蜂群评估周期，整合后的数据集为5_colony assessment, pollen weight, shannon index.xlsx。