Clinical characteristics of the study subjects according to the presence of sarcopenia and obesity.

Data are mean ± standard error, or frequency (%). P-values were analyzed using the Student's t-test between those with and without sarcopenia in non-obese and obese subjects, respectively. Sarcopenia was defined as values less than 1SD below the sex-specific mean for ASM/weight in a healthy, younger person (20–39 years old). Obesity was defined as BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA2-IR, homeostasis model assessment 2 – insulin resistance; T-chol, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; CAD, coronary artery disease.