Biochar-modulated microbial communities improve phosphorus cycling and rice P uptake in low-P paddy soil

A microcosm experiment was located in the field of Shenyang Agriculture University, Liaoning Province, China (41°48′N, 123°33′E) and was conduct during wet cropping season (April 21st to October 1st) of 2021. The mean annual temperature and precipitation had shown in Fig. S1. Rice husk biochar (BC), low phosphorus content biochar (LP) and high available phosphorus content biochar (HP) were used to explore the composition, structure and different P fraction in biochar. The soil used in this experiment was collected from surface layer of south paddy field (0-20 cm) at Shenyang Agriculture University. This field continuously planted rice for more than 50 years.