The immune response differences of rats induced using RBD3-Fc mRNA vaccines inoculated intradermally by NFIS and intramuscularly by needles

We have employed a single cell sequencing approach using 10× chromium microfluidic system to further illustrate the effect of inoculation routes on T cell immune responses induced by the mRNA-LNP vaccine and naked mRNA vaccine. Rat splenocytes were harvested at week 6. CD45+ splenocytes were separated and captured as immune cells using flow cytometry, then analyzed using scRNA-seq. THis study revealed the advantages of NIFS delivery, which evoked potent T cell responses.