CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE SYMPATHOADRENAL SYSTEM DURING THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH β-ADRENOBLOCKERS

Essential hypertension remains one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders globally and is closely associated with autonomic nervous system dysregulation. The sympathoadrenal system plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and progression of elevated blood pressure through the continuous release of catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. Beta-adrenoblockers represent a primary pharmacological intervention designed to mitigate these effects by competitively antagonizing beta-adrenergic receptors. This narrative review explores the dynamic changes in sympathoadrenal activity during both acute and chronic administration of beta-blockers in hypertensive patients. Current literature indicates that while short-term therapy may provoke a compensatory surge in circulating catecholamines due to the blockade of peripheral receptors, long-term treatment generally leads to a stabilization of the sympathoadrenal tone. Furthermore, the central and peripheral mechanisms of different generations of beta-blockers demonstrate varying impacts on plasma noradrenaline kinetics and overall sympathetic nerve activity. Understanding these adaptive physiological responses is crucial for optimizing cardiovascular therapies and preventing treatment resistance in clinical settings.