Exploitation of interspecific diversity for monocot crop improvement

In many cultivated crop species there is limited genetic variation available for the development of new higher yielding varieties adapted to climate change and sustainable farming practises. The distant relatives of crop species provide a vast and largely untapped reservoir of genetic variation for a wide range of agronomically important traits that can be exploited by breeders for crop improvement. In this paper, in what we believe to be the largest introgression programme undertaken in the monocots, we describe the transfer of the entire genome of Festuca pratensis into Lolium perenne in overlapping chromosome segments. The L. perenne/F. pratensis introgressions were identified and characterised via 131 simple sequence repeats and 1612 SNPs anchored to the rice genome. Comparative analyses were undertaken to determine the syntenic relationship between L. perenne/F. pratensis and rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and Brachypodium distachyon. Analyses comparing recombination frequency and ge...在诸多栽培作物物种中，可用于培育适应气候变化与可持续农业实践的高产新品种的遗传变异资源极为有限。作物的远缘亲缘物种可为各类农艺重要性状提供海量且尚未被充分开发的遗传变异库，育种者可借此开展作物遗传改良工作。本研究为单子叶植物领域迄今规模最大的渐渗育种项目，本文详述了将苇状羊茅（Festuca pratensis）的全基因组以重叠染色体片段的形式渐渗进入多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）的研究过程。研究通过131个简单序列重复（simple sequence repeat, SSR）标记与1612个锚定至水稻基因组的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP）标记，对多年生黑麦草/苇状羊茅渐渗片段完成了鉴定与特征解析。本研究开展了比较基因组分析，以明确多年生黑麦草/苇状羊茅与水稻、小麦、大麦、高粱以及二穗短柄草（Brachypodium distachyon）之间的共线性关系。本研究还开展了针对重组频率与……的比较分析。