Operational Delay Factors in Port Supply Chains Data

Amid global supply chain disruptions, seaports are vital for maintaining smooth goods flow. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding and addressing factors causing operational delays and inefficiencies in port supply chains. This study aims to systematically identify and rank the factors contributing to these delays and inefficiencies. Employing a hybrid methodology that combines the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Ordinal priority approach (OPA), and Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis (DGRA), this research addresses inefficiencies in port supply chains. The approach involves identifying key factors through expert consultation and literature review, mapping interdependencies, prioritizing factors, and analyzing dynamic relations to validate their influence. Operational delays in ports are classified into five main criteria: port management, shipping and navigation, port terminal operator, customs, and cargo owners, with each criterion broken down into specific sub-criteria. The study yielded significant results, identifying 'Poor management of goods flow' and 'Customs-related issues' within port management as the most critical factors contributing to operational delays. The analysis also highlighted 'Ship structure' and 'Late arrival of ships to port' under shipping and navigation as significant influencers of inefficiency. Notably, 'Operational cost optimization' and 'Expertise of operational staff' were pivotal in the port terminal operator category, reflecting their substantial impact on port operational efficiency. This study identified interdependencies among delay factors and essential intervention points, enhancing port functionality. The findings suggest strategies to improve global trade efficiency and economic stability in coastal regions through better supply chain management. Optimizing operational delay factors in port supply chains enhances port resilience by enabling more robust and reliable operations during disruptions.在全球供应链遭遇中断的背景下，海港是保障货物流通顺畅的关键枢纽。然而当前学界与业界对港口供应链中引发运营延误与效率低下的各类成因，仍存在认知不足与应对缺口。本研究旨在系统性识别并排序港口供应链运营延误与效率低下的相关成因。本研究采用融合决策试验与评价实验室法（Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL）、序贯优先级法（Ordinal priority approach，OPA）与动态灰色关联分析（Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis，DGRA）的混合研究方法，对港口供应链的效率低下问题进行针对性研究。该方法流程包括：通过专家咨询与文献综述识别关键成因，梳理各成因间的相互依赖关系，对成因进行优先级排序，并通过动态关联分析验证其影响程度。港口运营延误可划分为五大核心类别：港口管理、航运与通航、港口码头运营商、海关以及货主，每个类别下还细分出具体的子成因。本研究取得了显著研究成果：在港口管理类别中，识别出“货物流通管理不善”与“海关相关问题”为引发运营延误的最关键成因。分析结果还显示，航运与通航类别下的“船舶结构”与“船舶抵港延误”是导致效率低下的重要影响因素。值得注意的是，港口码头运营商类别中的“运营成本优化”与“运营人员专业能力”是影响港口运营效率的核心因素，体现出二者对运营效率的显著作用。本研究明确了各类延误成因间的相互依赖关系以及关键干预节点，有助于提升港口运营效能。研究结果提出了可通过优化供应链管理，提升全球贸易效率与沿海地区经济稳定性的相关策略。优化港口供应链中的运营延误成因，能够在供应链中断场景下保障港口运营更具韧性与可靠性，从而提升港口抗风险能力。