A paradigm shift of PD-L1 immunotherapy based on a tracking-to-triggering immunoediting effect of 2-[18F]FDG

Efforts have been devoted to select eligible candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) immunotherapy based on radiopharmaceuticals. Here, we have observed a tracking-to-triggering (referred to as T2T) immunoediting effect of the employed radionuclides. In particular, we found the usefulness of 2-[18F]FDG in cancer ICB therapy. Viewed positively, radiotracers are potential immunomodulators to create an immune-favorable microenvironment for tumor immunotherapy. Improving alphaPD-L1 mAb utilization and significant tumor growth delay are observed when the personalized therapeutic alliance of radiotracer stimulation and ICB are employed. This new paradigm has the potential to expand the traditional tumor theranostic model and implement precision cancer immunotherapy.