hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation
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--- language: - en license: - cc-by-4.0 - odbl size_categories: - 10K<n<100K task_categories: - image-segmentation task_ids: - semantic-segmentation tags: - buildings - disaster-mapping - remote-sensing - satellite-imagery - openstreetmap - openaerialmap - humanitarian - hot-tasking-manager - geospatial - segmentation pretty_name: HOT Building Segmentation Dataset dataset_info: features: - name: image dtype: image - name: mask dtype: image - name: tile_id dtype: string - name: tile_x dtype: int32 - name: tile_y dtype: int32 - name: tile_z dtype: int32 - name: project_id dtype: int32 - name: project_name dtype: string - name: country dtype: string - name: organisation dtype: string - name: imagery_url dtype: string - name: num_buildings dtype: int32 - name: label_geojson dtype: large_string - name: bbox_west dtype: float64 - name: bbox_south dtype: float64 - name: bbox_east dtype: float64 - name: bbox_north dtype: float64 splits: - name: train num_examples: 57890 - name: validation num_examples: 7237 - name: test num_examples: 7236 --- # HOT Building Segmentation Dataset ## Dataset Description A semantic segmentation dataset for building footprint extraction from aerial imagery, built from validated [Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT)](https://www.hotosm.org/) Tasking Manager projects that use [OpenAerialMap (OAM)](https://openaerialmap.org/) imagery. ### Dataset Summary This dataset pairs 256x256 aerial image tiles (zoom level 19) from OpenAerialMap with building footprint labels from OpenStreetMap. All source projects have been fully validated through the HOT Tasking Manager, ensuring high label quality from expert humanitarian mappers. **Target use case:** Training and evaluating deep learning models for building detection and segmentation in disaster mapping contexts. ### Supported Tasks - **Semantic Segmentation:** Pixel-level building vs. background classification - **Instance Segmentation:** Individual building footprint delineation (using GeoJSON polygon labels) - **Object Detection:** Building bounding box detection (derivable from polygon labels) ### Languages English (metadata and documentation) ## Dataset Structure ### Data Format ``` dataset/ project_{id}/ metadata.json aoi.geojson tiles.geojson # Tile boundary geometries chips/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif # 256x256 aerial imagery tiles masks/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif # Binary raster masks labels/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.geojson # Per-tile building footprint polygons osm-result.geojson # Full OSM building data for the area parquet/ data.parquet # HuggingFace Parquet with embedded images and masks projects_summary.json projects_map.geojson dataset_stats.json ``` ### Data Fields **Image tiles (chips):** - Format: GeoTIFF (.tif), georeferenced - Size: 256x256 pixels - Zoom level: 19 (~0.3m/pixel at equator) - Source: OpenAerialMap drone/aerial imagery - Naming: `OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif` following standard web map tile coordinates **Labels (GeoJSON):** - Format: GeoJSON with building footprint polygons - Source: OpenStreetMap building data via HOT Raw Data API - Coordinate system: EPSG:4326 (WGS84) - Each file corresponds to one image tile with matching filename **Metadata:** - `metadata.json`: Project-level information (TM project ID, name, imagery URL, country, validation status) - `aoi.geojson`: Project area of interest boundary - [`projects_summary.json`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/projects_summary.json): Summary of all included projects - [`projects_map.geojson`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/projects_map.geojson): Map of all project areas - [`dataset_stats.json`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/dataset_stats.json): Aggregate dataset statistics ### Data Splits The dataset is split into train, validation, and test sets at the **project level** to prevent spatial leakage. Projects sharing the same imagery URL (i.e. covering the same physical area) are grouped into clusters and always assigned to the same split together. Split assignment uses greedy bin-packing (80/10/10 by tile count) over clusters sorted by size descending. The mapping is stored in `splits.json` for reproducibility. | Split | Target % | |-------|----------| | train | 80% | | validation | 10% | | test | 10% | ## Dataset Creation ### Source Data **Imagery:** OpenAerialMap (OAM), a repository of openly licensed aerial imagery collected by drones, balloons, and satellites. Licensed under CC-BY or similar open licenses. **Labels:** OpenStreetMap (OSM) building footprints, contributed by humanitarian mappers through HOT Tasking Manager projects. Licensed under ODbL 1.0. **Project Selection Criteria:** - Uses OpenAerialMap imagery (custom TMS URL containing `openaerialmap.org`) - Mapping type includes BUILDINGS - Validation completion >= 95% - Created within the specified time window (default: last 5 years) ### Data Collection Process 1. **Project Discovery:** Query HOT Tasking Manager API for projects with custom imagery, filter for OAM URLs and building mapping type 2. **Quality Filter:** Retain only projects with >= 95% validation completion 3. **Tile Generation:** Generate 256x256 tiles at zoom level 19 within each project's area of interest 4. **Imagery Download:** Fetch aerial imagery tiles from OpenAerialMap TMS endpoints 5. **Label Download:** Fetch building footprints from OpenStreetMap via HOT Raw Data API 6. **Label Splitting:** Clip building polygons to individual tile boundaries Tools used: [geoml-toolkits](https://github.com/kshitijrajsharma/geoml-toolkits) for tile generation, imagery download, and label processing. ### Annotations Labels are crowd-sourced building footprints from OpenStreetMap, created and validated by humanitarian mappers through HOT Tasking Manager campaigns. Each project goes through: 1. **Mapping phase:** Volunteers digitize building footprints from aerial imagery 2. **Validation phase:** Experienced mappers review and correct the mapped features Only projects with >= 95% validation are included, ensuring high annotation quality. ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact This dataset supports humanitarian applications including disaster response, risk assessment, and development planning. Building footprint data is critical for estimating population exposure, damage assessment, and resource allocation during natural disasters. ### Known Limitations - **Temporal mismatch:** OSM data reflects current building footprints while OAM imagery may be from different dates. Buildings constructed or destroyed between imagery capture and OSM editing may cause label noise. - **Geographic bias:** Project locations are concentrated in disaster-affected and developing regions where HOT operates. - **Label completeness:** While validated, some buildings may be missed or incorrectly mapped in OSM. - **Imagery quality:** OAM imagery varies in resolution, cloud cover, and viewing angle across projects. ### Licensing This dataset uses a dual-license model: - **Imagery (image tiles):** CC-BY 4.0 - sourced from OpenAerialMap. All imagery uploaded to OAM is licensed as CC-BY 4.0, with attribution to "contributors of Open Imagery Network." Original copyright remains with the imagery provider. - **Labels (building footprints):** ODbL 1.0 - sourced from OpenStreetMap. Requires attribution to "OpenStreetMap contributors" and share-alike for derivative databases. - **Dataset tooling:** GPL-3.0-or-later ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators Built using the [hot-oam-dataset](https://github.com/hotosm/tm-oam-ds-builder) tool by HOT. ### Contact For questions, feedback, or collaboration inquiries: [fair@hotosm.org](mailto:fair@hotosm.org) ### Citation ```bibtex @misc{hot_building_segmentation_2026, title={HOT Building Segmentation Dataset}, author={Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team}, year={2026}, publisher={Hugging Face}, howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation}} } ``` ### Contributions Powered by data from [OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/) contributors, [OpenAerialMap](https://openaerialmap.org/), and the [HOT Tasking Manager](https://tasks.hotosm.org/) volunteer community. <!-- AUTO_STATS_START --> ## Generated Stats - Dataset version: 0.2.0 - Tile pairs (num_examples): 72,363 - Total projects: 93 - Tiles with features: 46,469 - Tiles without features: 25,894 - Total polygons: 715,775 - Avg buildings per tile: 9.9 - Total area: ~782.7 sq km - Countries: 21 - Generated at: 2026-04-05T17:38:27.324614+00:00 ### Coverage by Country | Country | Projects | Tiles | Buildings | Area (sq km) | |---------|----------|-------|-----------|-------------| | Myanmar | 3 | 43,879 | 432,324 | 400.3 | | Peru | 5 | 6,778 | 53,290 | 133.3 | | Mozambique | 6 | 4,992 | 73,379 | 39.4 | | Eswatini | 2 | 4,983 | 9,290 | 50.3 | | Mexico | 20 | 2,753 | 11,269 | 33.5 | | Japan | 2 | 1,420 | 5,549 | 11.8 | | Sierra Leone | 7 | 1,306 | 48,911 | 19.1 | | Philippines | 11 | 1,203 | 6,100 | 28.2 | | Tajikistan | 2 | 1,150 | 4,500 | 9.7 | | Kenya | 11 | 1,039 | 4,030 | 8.9 | | Cuba | 1 | 692 | 10,000 | 18.8 | | Liberia | 5 | 537 | 10,648 | 6.5 | | Malawi | 2 | 367 | 13,579 | 3.8 | | Tanzania | 4 | 285 | 4,489 | 4.2 | | Ghana | 4 | 212 | 24,555 | 3.2 | | Colombia | 1 | 193 | 444 | 5.5 | | Iraq | 1 | 188 | 660 | 1.3 | | Uganda | 3 | 173 | 1,177 | 2.1 | | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 | 134 | 1,077 | 1.8 | | Argentina | 1 | 71 | 391 | 0.5 | | Nigeria | 1 | 8 | 113 | 0.3 | ### Data Splits | Split | Projects | Tiles | Buildings | Countries | % of Tiles | |-------|----------|-------|-----------|-----------|------------| | train | 81 | 57,890 | 639,284 | 20 | 80.0% | | validation | 6 | 7,237 | 36,480 | 3 | 10.0% | | test | 6 | 7,236 | 40,011 | 6 | 10.0% | <!-- AUTO_STATS_END --> 
语言: - 英语 许可协议: - CC-BY-4.0 - ODbL 样本规模区间: - 10000 < 样本数 < 100000 任务类别: - 图像分割 任务子类: - 语义分割 标签: - 建筑 - 灾害制图 - 遥感 - 卫星影像 - OpenStreetMap(开放街道地图) - OpenAerialMap(开放航拍地图) - 人道主义 - HOT Tasking Manager(人类开放街道地图团队任务管理器) - 地理空间 - 分割 数据集展示名:HOT建筑分割数据集 数据集信息: 特征项: - 名称:image(图像),数据类型:图像 - 名称:mask(掩码),数据类型:图像 - 名称:tile_id(瓦片ID),数据类型:字符串 - 名称:tile_x(瓦片X坐标),数据类型:32位整型 - 名称:tile_y(瓦片Y坐标),数据类型:32位整型 - 名称:tile_z(瓦片缩放层级),数据类型:32位整型 - 名称:project_id(项目ID),数据类型:32位整型 - 名称:project_name(项目名称),数据类型:字符串 - 名称:country(国家),数据类型:字符串 - 名称:organisation(机构),数据类型:字符串 - 名称:imagery_url(影像URL),数据类型:字符串 - 名称:num_buildings(建筑数量),数据类型:32位整型 - 名称:label_geojson(标签GeoJSON),数据类型:大字符串 - 名称:bbox_west( bounding box西经边界),数据类型:64位浮点型 - 名称:bbox_south( bounding box南纬边界),数据类型:64位浮点型 - 名称:bbox_east( bounding box东经边界),数据类型:64位浮点型 - 名称:bbox_north( bounding box北纬边界),数据类型:64位浮点型 划分集: - 名称:训练集(train),样本数:57890 - 名称:验证集(validation),样本数:7237 - 名称:测试集(test),样本数:7236 # HOT建筑分割数据集 ## 数据集描述 本数据集为用于从航拍影像中提取建筑轮廓的语义分割数据集,其数据源自经过验证的、使用[OpenAerialMap(开放航拍地图,OAM)](https://openaerialmap.org/)影像的[Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team(人道主义开放街道地图团队,HOT)](https://www.hotosm.org/)任务管理器项目。 ### 数据集概览 本数据集将来自OpenAerialMap的256×256航拍影像瓦片(缩放层级19)与来自OpenStreetMap的建筑轮廓标签进行配对。所有源项目均已通过HOT任务管理器完成全面验证,确保标签质量由专业人道主义制图人员保障。 **目标应用场景**:用于训练和评估用于灾害制图场景下建筑检测与分割的深度学习模型。 ### 支持任务 - **语义分割**:实现像素级别的建筑与背景分类 - **实例分割**:通过GeoJSON多边形标签完成单个建筑轮廓的勾勒 - **目标检测**:基于多边形标签推导得到建筑边界框(bounding box)的检测任务 ### 语言 英语(用于元数据与文档) ## 数据集结构 ### 数据格式 dataset/ project_{id}/ metadata.json # 项目级元数据文件 aoi.geojson # 项目感兴趣区边界文件 tiles.geojson # 瓦片边界几何文件 chips/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif # 256×256航拍影像瓦片 masks/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif # 二值栅格掩码文件 labels/ OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.geojson # 单瓦片建筑轮廓多边形文件 osm-result.geojson # 区域完整OpenStreetMap建筑数据文件 parquet/ data.parquet # 嵌入图像与掩码的HuggingFace Parquet格式文件 projects_summary.json # 所有项目汇总信息文件 projects_map.geojson # 所有项目区域地图文件 dataset_stats.json # 数据集统计信息文件 ### 数据字段 **影像瓦片(切块):** - 格式:GeoTIFF(.tif),已进行地理配准 - 尺寸:256×256像素 - 缩放层级:19(赤道区域分辨率约为0.3米/像素) - 来源:OpenAerialMap提供的无人机/航拍影像 - 命名规则:遵循标准网络地图瓦片坐标格式,命名为`OAM-{x}-{y}-{z}.tif` **标签(GeoJSON格式):** - 格式:包含建筑轮廓多边形的GeoJSON文件 - 来源:通过HOT原始数据API获取的OpenStreetMap建筑数据 - 坐标系:EPSG:4326(WGS84) - 每个标签文件对应一个同名影像瓦片 **元数据文件:** - `metadata.json`:项目级信息文件(包含任务管理器项目ID、名称、影像URL、国家、验证状态) - `aoi.geojson`:项目感兴趣区边界文件 - ["projects_summary.json"](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/projects_summary.json):所有纳入项目的汇总信息文件 - ["projects_map.geojson"](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/projects_map.geojson):所有项目区域的地图文件 - ["dataset_stats.json"](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation/blob/main/dataset_stats.json):数据集整体统计信息文件 ### 数据划分 本数据集按照**项目级别**划分为训练集、验证集与测试集,以避免空间信息泄露。共享同一影像URL(即覆盖相同物理区域)的项目会被归为集群,并始终分配至同一个划分集中。 划分分配采用贪心装箱算法,按照集群规模降序排序,按瓦片数量比例80/10/10进行分配。划分映射关系存储于`splits.json`文件中,以确保实验可复现。 | 划分集 | 目标占比 | |-------|----------| | 训练集 | 80% | | 验证集 | 10% | | 测试集 | 10% | ## 数据集构建 ### 源数据 **影像源**:OpenAerialMap(OAM)是一个存储经无人机、气球与卫星采集的开放许可航拍影像的仓库,其影像采用CC-BY或类似的开放许可协议。 **标签源**:OpenStreetMap(OSM)建筑轮廓数据,由人道主义制图人员通过HOT任务管理器项目贡献,采用ODbL 1.0许可协议。 **项目筛选标准**: - 使用OpenAerialMap影像(自定义TMS URL包含`openaerialmap.org`字段) - 制图类型包含建筑制图 - 验证完成率≥95% - 创建时间在指定时间窗口内(默认:最近5年) ### 数据收集流程 1. **项目发现**:通过HOT任务管理器API查询使用自定义影像的项目,筛选出包含OAM URL与建筑制图类型的项目 2. **质量过滤**:仅保留验证完成率≥95%的项目 3. **瓦片生成**:在每个项目的感兴趣区内生成缩放层级为19的256×256瓦片 4. **影像下载**:从OpenAerialMap的TMS端点获取航拍影像瓦片 5. **标签下载**:通过HOT原始数据API从OpenStreetMap获取建筑轮廓数据 6. **标签分割**:将建筑多边形裁剪至单个瓦片的边界范围内 所用工具:使用[geoml-toolkits](https://github.com/kshitijrajsharma/geoml-toolkits)完成瓦片生成、影像下载与标签处理工作。 ### 标注信息 标注数据为来自OpenStreetMap的众包建筑轮廓,由人道主义制图人员通过HOT任务管理器项目创建并验证。每个项目均经历以下两个阶段: 1. **制图阶段**:志愿者从航拍影像中数字化提取建筑轮廓 2. **验证阶段**:经验丰富的制图人员对已绘制的要素进行审核与修正 仅纳入验证完成率≥95%的项目,以保障标注质量。 ## 数据使用注意事项 ### 社会影响 本数据集支持人道主义应用场景,包括灾害响应、风险评估与发展规划。建筑轮廓数据在自然灾害发生时,对于估算人口暴露情况、损毁评估与资源分配至关重要。 ### 已知局限性 - **时间不匹配问题**:OpenStreetMap数据反映的是当前的建筑轮廓,而OpenAerialMap影像可能拍摄于不同的时间点。在影像采集与OpenStreetMap编辑之间新建或拆除的建筑可能会导致标签噪声。 - **地理偏差问题**:项目区域集中在HOT开展业务的灾害频发地区与发展中地区。 - **标注完整性问题**:尽管经过验证,但OpenStreetMap中仍可能遗漏或错误标注部分建筑。 - **影像质量问题**:不同项目的OpenAerialMap影像在分辨率、云量与拍摄角度上存在差异。 ### 许可协议 本数据集采用双重许可模式: - **影像(影像瓦片)**:采用CC-BY 4.0许可,源自OpenAerialMap。所有上传至OAM的影像均以CC-BY 4.0协议授权,需注明“开放影像网络贡献者”,原始版权仍归影像提供方所有。 - **标签(建筑轮廓)**:采用ODbL 1.0许可,源自OpenStreetMap。需注明“OpenStreetMap贡献者”,且衍生数据库需采用相同许可协议进行共享。 - **数据集工具**:采用GPL-3.0-or-later许可协议。 ## 附加信息 ### 数据集整理者 本数据集通过HOT开发的[hot-oam-dataset](https://github.com/hotosm/tm-oam-ds-builder)工具构建完成。 ### 联系方式 如有疑问、反馈或合作意向,请联系:[fair@hotosm.org](mailto:fair@hotosm.org) ### 引用格式 bibtex @misc{hot_building_segmentation_2026, title={HOT建筑分割数据集}, author={Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team}, year={2026}, publisher={Hugging Face}, howpublished={url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotosm/vhr-building-segmentation}} } ### 致谢 本数据集的构建得益于[OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/)贡献者、[OpenAerialMap](https://openaerialmap.org/)以及[HOT任务管理器](https://tasks.hotosm.org/)志愿者社区提供的数据支持。 <!-- AUTO_STATS_START --> ## 生成统计信息 - 数据集版本:0.2.0 - 瓦片对(样本数):72,363 - 总项目数:93 - 含要素瓦片数:46,469 - 无要素瓦片数:25,894 - 总多边形数:715,775 - 单瓦片平均建筑数:9.9 - 总覆盖面积:约782.7平方公里 - 涉及国家数:21 - 生成时间:2026-04-05T17:38:27.324614+00:00 ### 国家覆盖情况 | 国家 | 项目数 | 瓦片数 | 建筑数 | 面积(平方公里) | |---------|----------|-------|-----------|-------------| | 缅甸(Myanmar) | 3 | 43,879 | 432,324 | 400.3 | | 秘鲁(Peru) | 5 | 6,778 | 53,290 | 133.3 | | 莫桑比克(Mozambique) | 6 | 4,992 | 73,379 | 39.4 | | 斯威士兰(Eswatini) | 2 | 4,983 | 9,290 | 50.3 | | 墨西哥(Mexico) | 20 | 2,753 | 11,269 | 33.5 | | 日本(Japan) | 2 | 1,420 | 5,549 | 11.8 | | 塞拉利昂(Sierra Leone) | 7 | 1,306 | 48,911 | 19.1 | | 菲律宾(Philippines) | 11 | 1,203 | 6,100 | 28.2 | | 塔吉克斯坦(Tajikistan) | 2 | 1,150 | 4,500 | 9.7 | | 肯尼亚(Kenya) | 11 | 1,039 | 4,030 | 8.9 | | 古巴(Cuba) | 1 | 692 | 10,000 | 18.8 | | 利比里亚(Liberia) | 5 | 537 | 10,648 | 6.5 | | 马拉维(Malawi) | 2 | 367 | 13,579 | 3.8 | | 坦桑尼亚(Tanzania) | 4 | 285 | 4,489 | 4.2 | | 加纳(Ghana) | 4 | 212 | 24,555 | 3.2 | | 哥伦比亚(Colombia) | 1 | 193 | 444 | 5.5 | | 伊拉克(Iraq) | 1 | 188 | 660 | 1.3 | | 乌干达(Uganda) | 3 | 173 | 1,177 | 2.1 | | 特立尼达和多巴哥(Trinidad and Tobago) | 1 | 134 | 1,077 | 1.8 | | 阿根廷(Argentina) | 1 | 71 | 391 | 0.5 | | 尼日利亚(Nigeria) | 1 | 8 | 113 | 0.3 | ### 数据划分统计 | 划分集 | 项目数 | 瓦片数 | 建筑数 | 涉及国家数 | 瓦片占比 | |-------|----------|-------|-----------|-----------|------------| | 训练集 | 81 | 57,890 | 639,284 | 20 | 80.0% | | 验证集 | 6 | 7,237 | 36,480 | 3 | 10.0% | | 测试集 | 6 | 7,236 | 40,011 | 6 | 10.0% | <!-- AUTO_STATS_END --> 



