Kilohertz-linewidth Brillouin photonic crystal fiber laser with non-resonance pumping configuration

Brillouin fiber laser with the non-resonance pumping configuration, has compact set-up, good wavelength tunability and high-power single-frequency-emission capability, being regarded as an important technique for highly-coherent light generation. Such Brillouin fiber lasers, using single-mode fiber (SMF) as the Brillouin gain medium, generally have high lasing thresholds and mode-hopping instabilities, resulting from the relatively-low Brillouin gain coefficient of the conventional SMF. Here, we report a compact, non-resonance-pumping Brillouin photonic crystal fiber laser that can generate kHz-level-linewidth single-frequency lasing with tens-of-mW lasing threshold. Mode-hopping instability of this laser is largely suppressed thanks to the short (~20 m) cavity length, which gives rise to a free-spectral-range (FSR) value of ~10 MHz properly matching the tens-of-MHz Brillouin gain bandwidth. Experimental results of both self-heterodyne and frequency-noise measurements indicate a laser linewidth of ~1.4 kHz, corresponding to high linewidth-narrowing ratio of ~18. No lasing line of high-order Stokes was observed in experiments as the laser pump power was gradually increased to ~200 mW, giving a nearly-linear lasing slope.