Number of group memberships and corruption permissibility¹,².

1Models with random country intercepts, country-level variables, or town population size (with country fixed effects) provide highly similar results, and so are not reported. Reported model n = 23,288. 2AIC selection criteria suggest that the model including primary geographic identity provides a better fit than the model with only controls and resource shortfall variables (AICin-group size = 0.99; AICnull = 22,277.93, AICin-group size = 22,245.83). Number of group memberships and corruption permissibility1,2.