CHOOSING SURGICAL METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOID DISEASE IN PATIENTS: MODERN APPROACHES, PATHOGENETIC BASIS AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS

Hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids) are the most common disease in coloproctology and general surgery, characterized by pathological dilatation, inflammation, bleeding and formation of nodules of the venous vessels (hemorrhoidal plexuses) of the anal canal and distal part of the rectum. This disease is of extremely high epidemiological importance on a global scale and has a serious negative impact on the quality of life of tens of millions of people around the world, their daily and professional work activities, as well as their psycho-emotional state. One of the most pressing issues facing modern medicine is not only the elimination of symptoms of the disease, but also the development of optimal treatment strategies that improve long-term outcomes, prevent complications and ensure cost-effectiveness.