Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching

To accurately predict species’ phenology under climate change, we need to gain a detailed mechanistic understanding of how different environmental cues interact to produce the seasonal timing response. In the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), seasonal timing of egg hatching is strongly affected by ambient temperature and has been under strong climate change-induced selection over the past 25 years. However, it is unclear whether photoperiod received at the egg stage also influences timing of egg hatching. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of photoperiod and temperature in regulating winter moth egg development using two split-brood experiments. We experimentally shifted the photoperiod eggs received by 2-4 weeks compared to the actual calendar date and measured the timing of egg hatching, both at a constant temperature and in combination with two naturally changing temperature treatments – mimicking a cold and a warm year. We found an eight-fold larger effect of temperatu..., We investigated whether photoperiod received at the egg stage influences the seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth, both as a cue on its own and in interaction with temperature. In two split-brood experiments, we determined egg hatching date after giving eggs either an early or late season photoperiod treatment, with naturally changing day lengths shifted 2-4 weeks earlier or later compared to the actual calendar date. Temperature was kept constant in the first experiment, while the second experiment also incorporated two naturally changing temperature treatments – mimicking a cold and a warm year – to investigate the relative contribution of temperature and photoperiod. Eggs were collected from wild females (31 clutches and 20 clutches, for experiment 1 and 2 respectively), with each clutch of eggs split into sub-clutches and divided over the different photoperiod and photoperiod-temperature treatments. Raw egg hatching data (i.e. 2-3 observations per week of the number of..., , # Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching ## Description of the data and file structure Raw data belonging to the manuscript \"Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching\". We investigated whether photoperiod received at the egg stage influences the seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth, both as a cue on its own and in interaction with temperature. In two split-brood experiments, we determined egg hatching date after giving eggs either an early or late season photoperiod treatment, with naturally changing day lengths shifted 2-4 weeks earlier or later compared to the actual calendar date. Temperature was kept constant in the first experiment, while the second experiment also incorporated two naturally changing temperature treatments – mimicking a cold and a warm year – to investigate the relative contribution of tem...为精准预测气候变化背景下的物种物候，我们需要深入解析不同环境线索如何相互作用，进而调控生物的季节时序响应。针对冬尺蛾（Operophtera brumata），其卵孵化的季节时序主要受环境温度（ambient temperature）调控，且在过去25年间受到气候变化诱导的强烈选择压力，但目前仍不清楚卵期接收的光周期（photoperiod）是否同样会影响其孵化时序。为此，我们开展两项分群繁育实验（split-brood experiments），以探究光周期与温度在调控冬尺蛾卵发育过程中的相对贡献。实验中，我们将卵接收的光周期相较于实际日历日期偏移2至4周，并分别在恒温条件以及模拟冷、暖年份的两种自然温度变化处理下，测定卵的孵化时序。我们发现温度的调控效应是光周期的8倍左右……；后续我们进一步验证了卵期光周期是否可作为独立线索，或与温度交互作用，共同影响冬尺蛾的卵孵化季节时序。在两项分群繁育实验中，我们将卵分别施加早季或季末光周期处理，即将自然变化的昼长相较于实际日历日期提前或延后2至4周，以此确定卵的孵化日期。第一项实验中温度保持恒定，第二项实验则额外设置了模拟冷、暖年份的两种自然温度变化处理，以探究温度与光周期的相对贡献。 实验所用卵采自野外雌蛾（实验1与实验2分别对应31个卵块与20个卵块），每个卵块均被划分为若干亚卵块，并分配至不同光周期及光周期-温度处理组。原始卵孵化数据（即每周对孵化数量进行2-3次观测……）。# 《温度相较于光周期在调控冬尺蛾卵孵化季节时序中发挥主导作用》 ## 数据与文件结构说明 本数据集对应论文《温度相较于光周期在调控冬尺蛾卵孵化季节时序中发挥主导作用》的原始数据。本研究旨在探究冬尺蛾卵期接收的光周期是否可作为独立线索，或与温度交互作用，共同影响其卵孵化的季节时序。在两项分群繁育实验中，我们将卵分别施加早季或季末光周期处理，即将自然变化的昼长相较于实际日历日期提前或延后2至4周，以此确定卵的孵化日期。第一项实验中温度保持恒定，第二项实验则额外设置了模拟冷、暖年份的两种自然温度变化处理，以探究温度与光周期的相对贡献……