Australian data resources for wheat and Zymoseptoria tritici (Septoria tritici blotch)

Advancing genetic solutions for crop protection in Australian wheat: identifying novel and optimal combinations of APR resistance genes to Septoria tritici blotch. \r\nWheat is one of the most important crops in Australia, providing food, feed and export income. However, wheat production is threatened by various diseases, such as Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a foliar disease of wheat caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. This disease is prevalent in medium-high rainfall zones of Australia. If left unmanaged, STB can result in yield losses of up to 50% and traditional control by fungicides is estimated to cost the industry $121 million per year is less effective due to fungicide resistance evolving in Australia to some common triazoles and strobilurin.\r\nOne way to manage this disease is to use wheat varieties resistant to STB. However, 10 out of 17 genes tested for adult plant resistance (APR) performance in field experiments over the past 8 years are no longer effective in Australia. These include; Stb2/11/WW, Stb3, Stb4, Stb6, Stb7/12, Stb9 and Stb18. Therefore, identifying new sources of APR genes is essential for developing wheat varieties with better agronomic performance. \r\nAdult plant resistance (APR) genes confer partial but durable resistance to the disease at later stages of plant development. They are preferred in breeding programs because of their flexibility in integrated disease management (IDM) systems and their durability of resistance. These projects aim to discover and transfer novel APR genes for STB resistance into adapted wheat varieties while also determining the optimal combinations of existing effective APR genes and remove the barriers to their adoption by Australian wheat breeding programs. The resources available on this site are developed through research partnerships between GRDC and NSW DPI. There are resources provided on this page which are available to download as well as metadata for resources which have restricted access and will be made available only on request.助力澳大利亚小麦作物保护的遗传解决方案：鉴定针对小麦褐斑病（Septoria tritici blotch, STB）的新型最优成株抗性基因组合。 小麦是澳大利亚最重要的作物之一，可为该国提供粮食、饲料及出口收入。然而，小麦生产正面临多种病害威胁，其中小麦褐斑病（Septoria tritici blotch, STB）是由真菌Zymoseptoria tritici引起的小麦叶部病害。该病害在澳大利亚中高降雨区域广泛发生。若不加以防控，小麦褐斑病可导致最高50%的产量损失；而由于澳大利亚境内部分常见三唑类与嗜球果伞素类（strobilurin）杀菌剂已出现抗药性，传统的杀菌剂防控手段预计每年将为产业带来1.21亿美元的防控成本，且防控效果日渐式微。 防控该病害的有效途径之一是种植抗小麦褐斑病的小麦品种。然而，在过去8年的田间试验中，针对17个成株抗性（Adult Plant Resistance, APR）基因的抗性表现测评显示，其中10个基因在澳大利亚已不再具备防控效果，包括Stb2/11/WW、Stb3、Stb4、Stb6、Stb7/12、Stb9及Stb18。因此，挖掘新型成株抗性基因资源，对于培育农艺性状更优良的小麦品种至关重要。 成株抗性基因可在植物发育后期为病害提供部分但持久的抗性。由于其在病害综合防控（Integrated Disease Management, IDM）体系中具备灵活性，且抗性持久，因此成为育种项目中的首选抗性类型。本项目旨在挖掘并将新型抗小麦褐斑病成株抗性基因转入适应性优良的小麦品种中，同时明确现有有效成株抗性基因的最优组合，并破除澳大利亚小麦育种项目推广应用这些抗性资源的障碍。本网站提供的相关资源由澳大利亚谷物研究与开发公司（Grains Research and Development Corporation, GRDC）与新南威尔士州第一产业部（New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, NSW DPI）的合作研究项目开发。本页面提供的部分资源可直接下载，另有部分受访问限制的资源仅可应申请提供其元数据。