Data from: The β-D-manno-heptoses are immune agonists across kingdoms

Bacterial small molecule metabolites such as
adenosine-diphosphate-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose) and their
derivatives act as effective innate immune agonists in mammals. We showed
that functional nucleotide-diphosphate-heptose biosynthetic enzymes (HBEs)
are distributed widely in bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses. We
identified a conserved STTR5 motif as a hallmark of heptose
nucleotidyltransferases that can synthesize not only ADP-heptose but also
cytidine-diphosphate (CDP)- and uridine-diphosphate
(UDP)-heptose. Both CDP- and UDP-heptoses are agonists that trigger
stronger alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1)-dependent immune responses than
ADP-heptose in human and mouse cells and mice. We also produced
ADP-heptose in archaea and verified its innate immune agonist functions.
Hence, the β-D-manno-heptoses are cross-kingdom small molecule
pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate the ALPK1-dependent
innate immune signaling cascade.