Heat knock-down times of urban and rural Chiasmia clathrata moth larvae and adults

Urbanization and its urban‐heat‐island effect (UHI) have expanding footprints worldwide. The UHI means that urban habitats experience a higher mean and more frequent extreme high temperatures than rural habitats, impacting the ontogeny and resilience of urban biodiversity. However, many organisms occupy different microhabitats during different life stages and thus may experience the UHI differently across their development. While evolutionary changes in heat tolerance in line with the UHI have been demonstrated, it is unknown whether such evolutionary responses can vary across development. Here, using common‐garden‐reared Chiasmia clathrata moths from urban and rural populations from three European countries, we tested for urban evolution of heat shock tolerance in two life stages: larvae and adults. Our results indicate widespread urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in the adult stage only, suggesting that the UHI may be a stronger selective agent in adults. We also found that ..., From a total of 50 different F2 and F3 full-sib moth families, 688 individuals were tested. Of these, 82 were tested at the larval stage only, 81 were tested both as larvae and adults, and 525 individuals were tested at the adult stage only, which resulted overall in 769 heat knock-down measurements. All larvae from the subset of individuals assessed at the larval stage (N=163) were tested two days after entering the final (fifth) larval instar. For increased precision, each individual was tested separately. Each of them was weighed (Precisa 202A; precision: 0.1 mg) immediately prior to the heat knock-down time (HKDT) measurement. After weighing, each individual was placed in a plastic, conical centrifuge tube (Falcon, 50 ml) without lid. This tube was then fully immersed, except for the top of the tube, in a programmable water bath (Grant Instruments Inc., Cambridge, UK: GD100) kept at 50.0°C for the duration of the experiment. The tube was held in place vertically by manually pressing..., , # **Heat knock-down times**

These datasets contain heat knock-down time data for larvae and adults (separate files) of *Chiasmia clathrata*, related to the manuscript \"Continent-wide parallel urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in a common moth\" by Merckx et al.

The datasets contain the following variables:
**LARVAE dataset**
Population: name of the local moth population of origin from both urban and rural populations from 4 European countries
Sex: male or female (or unknown: NA)
HKDT: heat knock-down time in s
family: family ID number (i.e. offspring of same female)
region: north- or mid-European origin
environment: urban or rural origin
mass: individual total body mass in mg

**ADULTS dataset**
Source: experimental source of the tested adults: HKDT, ALAN, Dark room, Immuno, Stock
Population: name of the local moth population of origin from both urban and rural populations from 4 European countries
Age: age in days
HKDT: heat knock-down time in s
Tested.as.larva: yes or no
fa...