Research and development expenditure by country, around the world | TheGlobalEconomy.com

The average for 2021 based on 78 countries was 1.25 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.56 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

基于2021年78个国家的平均数据，该指标为1.25%。最高值出现在以色列，达到5.56%，而最低值则出现在伊拉克，仅为0.04%。该指标自1996年起至2022年均有记录。以下是所有可获得数据的国家的图表。