Dracula’s ménagerie: A multispecies occupancy analysis of lynx, wildcat, and wolf in the Romanian Carpathians

The recovery of terrestrial carnivores in Europe is a conservation success story. Initiatives focused on restoring top predators, require information on how resident species may interact with the re-introduced species as their interactions have the potential to alter food webs, yet such data are scarce for Europe. In this study, we assessed patterns of occupancy and interactions between three carnivore species in the Romanian Carpathians. Romania houses one of the few intact carnivore guilds in Europe, making it an ideal system to assess intraguild interactions, and serve as a guide for reintroductions elsewhere. We used camera trap data from two seasons in Transylvanian forests to assess occupancy and co-occurrence of carnivores using multispecies occupancy models. Mean occupancy in the study area was highest for lynx (Â Ywinter= 0.76 95% CI: 0.42-0.92;Â Yautumn= 0.71 CI: 0.38-0.84) and wolf (Ywinter= 0.60 CI: 0.34-0.78;Â Â Yautumn= 0.81 CI: 0.25-0.95) and lowest for wildcat (Ywinter= 0.40...欧洲陆生食肉动物的种群恢复堪称保护领域的成功典范。以恢复顶级捕食者（top predator）为目标的保护行动，需厘清本土物种与重新引入物种间的相互作用规律——此类相互作用具备改变食物网结构的潜在可能，但欧洲地区的相关研究数据仍较为匮乏。 本研究以罗马尼亚喀尔巴阡山脉中的三种食肉动物为研究对象，评估其占用模式与同类群食肉动物相互作用。罗马尼亚拥有欧洲为数不多的完整食肉动物类群（carnivore guild），因此是开展同类群食肉动物相互作用研究的理想系统，同时可为其他地区的食肉动物重新引入工作提供参考范式。 本研究依托特兰西瓦尼亚林区两个季节的红外相机陷阱（camera trap）数据，借助多物种占用模型（multispecies occupancy model）评估食肉动物的占用率与共现（co-occurrence）情况。 研究区域内各物种的平均占用率以猞猁最高（冬季占用率Ywinter= 0.76，95%置信区间（CI）：0.42-0.92；秋季占用率Yautumn= 0.71，95%置信区间：0.38-0.84），狼次之（冬季占用率Ywinter= 0.60，95%置信区间：0.34-0.78；秋季占用率Yautumn= 0.81，95%置信区间：0.25-0.95），野猫最低（冬季占用率Ywinter= 0.40……